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NSTimer循环引用解决方法

2019-10-17  本文已影响0人  沉江小鱼

NSTimer产生循环引用的原因

我们来看下系统给我们提供的NSTimer的初始化方法:

+ (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti target:(id)aTarget selector:(SEL)aSelector userInfo:(nullable id)userInfo repeats:(BOOL)yesOrNo;
+ (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

+ (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti target:(id)aTarget selector:(SEL)aSelector userInfo:(nullable id)userInfo repeats:(BOOL)yesOrNo;
+ (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

产生循环引用的例子:

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *timer;
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    self.timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(doSomething) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
    [[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
}

- (void)doSomething
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [self.timer invalidate];
    self.timer = nil;
}

控制器中有一个timer属性,并且timer的target是该控制器,如下图所示,会形成一个retain cycle:


image.png

在不主动释放timer的前提下,那么控制器会一直强引用timer,timer内部的target也强引用着控制器,控制器的引用计数永远不会为0。这种内存泄漏问题尤其严重,因为timer还在不断的执行着任务。

__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
self.timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(doSomething) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];

这种是错误的方法,传参跟使用block是两个不同的概念。weakSelfe最多使用的场景是在block内部中使用,block内部的机制会根据捕获的对象变量的指针类型(__weak, __strong)进行强引用或弱引用。
但是参数传递的本质是将参数的地址传过去,无论是self或者是weakSelf,本质都是一个地址,所以该方法无效。

- (void)dealloc
{
    [self.timer invalidate];
    self.timer = nil;
}

首先,我们需要明白,当controller在销毁的时候才会执行dealloc,但是此时timer和controller是相互引用的,所以controller永远不会执行dealloc这个方法。

- (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated
{
    if (self.navigationController == nil) {
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;
    }
}

这种来说,其实并不太好,最好的办法是让timer跟当前类的生命周期绑定在一起,自动化的进行释放,减少非必要的代码书写。

重点还是怎么解决吧?

1.使用中间代理方法

既然循环引用的原因是因为timer和控制器之间的强引用,那么是否可以使用一个中间代理解除这个闭环呢?


image.png

像上图那样,我们可以使用一个proxy来解除两者之间的相互强引用。

代码如下:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface LLTimerProxy1 : NSObject
+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target withSelector:(SEL)selector;
- (void)__execute;
@end

#import "LLTimerProxy1.h"
@interface LLTimerProxy1()
/** target */
@property (nonatomic, weak) id target;
/** SEL */
@property (nonatomic, assign) SEL selector;
@end

@implementation LLTimerProxy1


+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target withSelector:(SEL)selector
{
    LLTimerProxy1 *proxy = [[LLTimerProxy1 alloc] init];
    proxy.target = target;
    proxy.selector = selector;
    return proxy;
}

- (void)__execute
{
    if (_target && _selector) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
        [_target performSelector:_selector withObject:nil];
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
    }
}

@end

使用方式:

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    LLTimerProxy1 *proxy = [LLTimerProxy1 proxyWithTarget:self withSelector:@selector(doSomething)];
    self.timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:proxy selector:@selector(__execute) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
    [[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
}

- (void)doSomething
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [self.timer invalidate];
    self.timer = nil;
    
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}

从上面可以看到:
NSTimer target 强引用 proxy
proxy的target 弱引用 controller
这样一来当控制器的引用计数为0的时候,会调用dealloc方法,在dealloc方法中对timer进行释放,timer释放的时候也会对proxy进行释放,这样一来就可以让timer的生命周期与控制器同步了。

2.使用NSProxy

NSProxy是一个基类,是苹果创建出来专门做代理转发事件的基类,负责将消息转发到真正target的类。
该类有两个方法:

NSProxy收到消息之后会在自己的方法列表中查找,如果没有则直接会进入消息转发,比NSObject类少了在父类的方法列表和动态解析的步骤,性能会更好。
使用如下:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface LLTimerProxy : NSProxy
+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target;
@end

@interface LLTimerProxy ()
/** tatget */
@property (nonatomic, weak) id target;
@end

@implementation LLTimerProxy
+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target
{
    LLTimerProxy *proxy = [LLTimerProxy alloc];
    proxy.target = target;
    return proxy;
}

- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)sel
{
    if (!self.target || ![self.target respondsToSelector:sel]) {
        return [NSMethodSignature signatureWithObjCTypes:"v:@"];
    }
    return [self.target methodSignatureForSelector:sel];
}

- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation
{
    if (!self.target) {
        NSLog(@"target已经从内存中死掉了");
        return;
    }
    [invocation invokeWithTarget:self.target];
}

@end

controller中使用:

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    LLTimerProxy *proxy = [LLTimerProxy proxyWithTarget:self];
    self.timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:proxy selector:@selector(doSomething) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
    [[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
}

- (void)doSomething
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [self.timer invalidate];
    self.timer = nil;
    
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}

可以发现Proxy类并没有引用着selector,因为proxy类并没有doSomething方法,所有直接进入了消息转发步骤.在消息转发中将消息接受者转发给自身持有的target,这样就可以完成调用了。

3.使用block+weakSelf

NSTimer在iOS10开放了两个API

/// Creates and returns a new NSTimer object initialized with the specified block object. This timer needs to be scheduled on a run loop (via -[NSRunLoop addTimer:]) before it will fire.
/// - parameter:  timeInterval  The number of seconds between firings of the timer. If seconds is less than or equal to 0.0, this method chooses the nonnegative value of 0.1 milliseconds instead
/// - parameter:  repeats  If YES, the timer will repeatedly reschedule itself until invalidated. If NO, the timer will be invalidated after it fires.
/// - parameter:  block  The execution body of the timer; the timer itself is passed as the parameter to this block when executed to aid in avoiding cyclical references
+ (NSTimer *)timerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

/// Creates and returns a new NSTimer object initialized with the specified block object and schedules it on the current run loop in the default mode.
/// - parameter:  ti    The number of seconds between firings of the timer. If seconds is less than or equal to 0.0, this method chooses the nonnegative value of 0.1 milliseconds instead
/// - parameter:  repeats  If YES, the timer will repeatedly reschedule itself until invalidated. If NO, the timer will be invalidated after it fires.
/// - parameter:  block  The execution body of the timer; the timer itself is passed as the parameter to this block when executed to aid in avoiding cyclical references
+ (NSTimer *)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeats:(BOOL)repeats block:(void (^)(NSTimer *timer))block API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

使用方式:

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 repeats:YES block:^(NSTimer * _Nonnull timer) {
        [weakSelf doSomething];
    }];
}

- (void)doSomething
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}

我感觉需要了解一下NSTimer的实现比较好?

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