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汉英翻译笔记01|几种倍数表达方法

2020-03-29  本文已影响0人  全职译者Pete

一、辨析倍数问题

英语和汉语的倍数表达并不完全一致,这其中涉及到一个“+1”的问题。

以increase一词来说,“increased 3 times/folds”,“increased by3 times”,“increase to 3 times”以及“increase by a factor of 3”,均应译为“增加3倍”,或者“增加2”,而不应译为“增加3倍”。

什么意思呢,试举一例子:

原文:2019年到2020年,我的收入增加6倍。

可译为:Between 2019 and 2020 my income increased 7 times. √

而非Between 2019 and 2020 my income increased 6 times. ×

因为原文是“增加了6倍”,那翻译成英文时就要+1,变成“增加到7倍”,即increase 7 times,因为只有increase 7 times译回汉语才是“增加到7倍”或者“增加(了)6倍”。

同时,“A is 3 times as great(long, much,…)as B”,“A is 3 times greater (longer, more, …)than B”,“A is 3 times the size (length, amount, …)of B”,均应译为;“A的大小(长度, 数量, ……)是B的3倍”,或者“A比B大(长, 多, ……)2倍”。

二、几种倍数表达方法

讲完这个+1的问题,再来分享一些倍数的表达:

1.xx-fold

如two-fold(两倍)或1,600-fold(1600倍)。

xx-fold为形容词,多用于构成形容词+名词的词组,如:a two-fold increase in revenue或1,600-fold since the founding

2.数字+ xx times + xx figure

如:In 2019, the rice trading volume was 200 tons, a 12-fold increase since our founding. For noodles, it was 400 tons,3 times the founding figures.

3. xx versus xx of its predecessors 同个事物与之前进行比较

如:The system now supports 5,000 students versus 100 of its predecessors.

4. …go up from xx to xx

如:The speed went up from 20 km/h to 100 km/h.

5. double/triple/quadruple…

如:The figure in 2019 was 120, doubling the 2018 figure.


作者:MTI|全职小白翻译一枚 ~      不定期更新~

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