汉英翻译笔记01|几种倍数表达方法
一、辨析倍数问题
英语和汉语的倍数表达并不完全一致,这其中涉及到一个“+1”的问题。
以increase一词来说,“increased 3 times/folds”,“increased by3 times”,“increase to 3 times”以及“increase by a factor of 3”,均应译为“增加到3倍”,或者“增加2倍”,而不应译为“增加3倍”。
什么意思呢,试举一例子:
原文:2019年到2020年,我的收入增加了6倍。
可译为:Between 2019 and 2020 my income increased 7 times. √
而非Between 2019 and 2020 my income increased 6 times. ×
因为原文是“增加了6倍”,那翻译成英文时就要+1,变成“增加到7倍”,即increase 7 times,因为只有increase 7 times译回汉语才是“增加到7倍”或者“增加(了)6倍”。
同时,“A is 3 times as great(long, much,…)as B”,“A is 3 times greater (longer, more, …)than B”,“A is 3 times the size (length, amount, …)of B”,均应译为;“A的大小(长度, 数量, ……)是B的3倍”,或者“A比B大(长, 多, ……)2倍”。
二、几种倍数表达方法
讲完这个+1的问题,再来分享一些倍数的表达:
1.xx-fold
如two-fold(两倍)或1,600-fold(1600倍)。
xx-fold为形容词,多用于构成形容词+名词的词组,如:a two-fold increase in revenue或1,600-fold since the founding
2.数字+ xx times + xx figure
如:In 2019, the rice trading volume was 200 tons, a 12-fold increase since our founding. For noodles, it was 400 tons,3 times the founding figures.
3. xx versus xx of its predecessors 同个事物与之前进行比较
如:The system now supports 5,000 students versus 100 of its predecessors.
4. …go up from xx to xx
如:The speed went up from 20 km/h to 100 km/h.
5. double/triple/quadruple…
如:The figure in 2019 was 120, doubling the 2018 figure.
作者:MTI|全职小白翻译一枚 ~ 不定期更新~