Swift响应式编程-RxSwift简单入门
2021-07-14 本文已影响0人
Amok校长
1、背景
响应式编程(Reactive Programming,简称RP)也是一种编程范式,于1997年提出,可以简化异步编程,提供更优雅的数据绑定
一般与函数式融合在一起,所以也会叫做:函数响应式编程(Functional Reactive Programming,简称FRP)
比较著名的、成熟的响应式框架
ReactiveCocoa
简称RAC,有Objective-C、Swift版本
官网: http://reactivecocoa.io/
github:https://github.com/ReactiveCocoa
ReactiveX(推荐)
简称Rx,有众多编程语言的版本,比如RxJava、RxKotlin、RxJS、RxCpp、RxPHP、RxGo、RxSwift等等
官网: http://reactivex.io/
github: https://github.com/ReactiveX
2、RxSwift安装
RxSwift(ReactiveX for Swift),ReactiveX的Swift版本
源码:https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxSwift
中文文档: https://beeth0ven.github.io/RxSwift-Chinese-Documentation/
RxSwift的github上已经有详细的安装教程,这里只演示CocoaPods方式的安装
Podfile
use_frameworks!
target 'target_name' do
pod 'RxSwift', '~> 5'
pod 'RxCocoa', '~> 5'
end
命令行
pod repo update
pod install
导入模块
import RxSwift
import RxCocoa
模块说明
RxSwift:Rx标准API的Swift实现,不包括任何iOS相关的内容
RxCocoa:基于RxSwift,给iOS UI控件扩展了很多Rx特性
3、RxSwift的核心角色
Observable:负责发送事件(Event)
Observer:负责订阅Observable,监听Observable发送的事件(Event)
Event有3种
next:携带具体数据
error:携带错误信息,表明Observable终止,不会再发出事件
completed:表明Observable终止,不会再发出事件
public enum Event<Element> {
/// Next element is produced.
case next(Element)
/// Sequence terminated with an error.
case error(Swift.Error)
/// Sequence completed successfully.
case completed
}
4、Disposable
每当Observable被订阅时,都会返回一个Disposable实例,当调用Disposable的dispose,就相当于取消订阅
在不需要再接收事件时,建议取消订阅,释放资源。有3种常见方式取消订阅
1. 立即取消订阅(一次性订阅)
observable.subscribe { event in
print(event)
}.dispose()
2. 当bag销毁(deinit)时,会自动调用Disposable实例的dispose
observable.subscribe { event in
print(event)
}.disposed(by: bag)
3. self销毁时(deinit)时,会自动调用Disposable实例的dispose
let _ = observable.take(until: self.rx.deallocated).subscribe { event in
print(event)
}
5、创建、订阅Observable
/// 1.普通创建
var observable = Observable<Int>.create { observer in
observer.onNext(1)
observer.onCompleted()
return Disposables.create()
}
// 等价于
observable = Observable.just(1) //只能发送单个数据
observable = Observable.of(1) //可发送多个数据
observable = Observable.from([1])//可发送多个数据
var observable = Observable<Int>.create { observer in
observer.onNext(1)
observer.onNext(2)
observer.onNext(3)
observer.onCompleted()
return Disposables.create()
}
// 等价于
observable = Observable.of(1, 2, 3)
observable = Observable.from([1, 2, 3])
observable.subscribe { event in
print(event)
}.dispose()
observable.subscribe(onNext: {
print("next", $0)
}, onError: {
print("error", $0)
}, onCompleted: {
print("completed")
}, onDisposed: {
print("dispose")
}).dispose()
//等价于
let bag = DisposeBag()
observable.subscribe { event in
switch event {
case .next(let element):
print("next", element)
case .error(let error):
print("error",error)
case .completed:
print("completed")
}
}.disposed(by: bag)
/// 2.间隔时间发送, 比如: 两秒之后, 每隔一秒钟在主线程发送一次
let observable = Observable<Int>.timer(.seconds(2), period: .seconds(1), scheduler: MainScheduler.instance)
//bind(to: 也是订阅, 传入参数为observer
let _ = observable
.take(until: self.rx.deallocated)
.map {"\($0)"}
.bind(to: UILabel().rx.text)//rx.text 是一个observer
6、 创建Observer
//方式一: 通过AnyObserver
let observer = AnyObserver<Int>.init{ event in
switch event {
case .next(let data):
print(data)
case .completed:
print("completed")
case .error(let error):
print("error", error)
}
}
Observable.just(1).subscribe(observer).dispose()
//方式二: 通过Binder
let binder = Binder<String>(label){ label, text in
label.text = text
}
Observable.just(1).map{"数值是\($0)"}.subscribe(binder).dispose()
Observable.just(1).map{"数值是\($0)"}.bind(to: binder).dispose()
7、扩展Binder属性
/// 需求: 从两秒后开始, 按钮每隔1秒进行一次显隐切换
//方法一:
let observable = Observable<Int>.timer(.seconds(2), period: .seconds(1), scheduler: MainScheduler.instance)
let binder = Binder<Bool>(button){ button, value in
button.isHidden = value
}
observable.map{ $0 % 2 == 0 }.bind(to: binder).disposed(by: bag)
//方法二:
let observable = Observable<Int>.timer(.seconds(2), period: .seconds(1), scheduler: MainScheduler.instance)
observable.map{ $0 % 2 == 0 }.bind(to: button.rx.hidden).disposed(by: bag) //要实现button.rx.hidden, 需要给button扩展属性
//扩展Binder属性: 来实现button.rx.hidden
extension Reactive where Base: UIView{
var hidden: Binder<Bool>{//只读计算属性
Binder<Bool>(base) { view, value in
view.isHidden = value
}
}
}
8、RxSwift的状态监听
/// ①监听按钮点击状态
button.rx.tap.subscribe(onNext: {
print("按钮被点击了1")
}).disposed(by: bag)
/// ②监听列表状态
let data = Observable.just([
Person(name: "Jack", age: 10),
Person(name: "Rose", age: 20)
])
// 1.将数据绑定到TableView上
data.bind(to: tableView.rx.items(cellIdentifier: "cell")) { row, person, cell in
cell.textLabel?.text = person.name
cell.detailTextLabel?.text = "\(person.age)"
}.disposed(by: bag)
// 2.TableViewCell点击事件响应
tableView.rx.modelSelected(Person.self)
.subscribe(onNext: { person in
print("点击了", person.name)
}).disposed(by: bag)
/// ③监听对象属性变化(类似KVO)
class Dog: NSObject {
//@objc dynamic应用于变量是为了让变量能够使用kvo机制
@objc dynamic var name: String?
}
let dog = Dog()
let bag = DisposeBag()
dog.rx.observe(String.self, "name")
.subscribe(onNext: { name in
print("name is", name ?? "nil")
}).disposed(by: bag)
dog.name = "Kris"
dog.name = "Amok"
/// ④监听通知
NotificationCenter.default.rx
.notification(UIApplication.didEnterBackgroundNotification)
.subscribe(onNext: { notification in
print("APP进入后台", notification)
}).disposed(by: bag)
9、既是Observable,又是Observer
Observable.just(0.8).bind(to: slider.rx.value).dispose()
slider.rx.value.map {
"当前数值是:\($0)"
}.bind(to: textField.rx.text).disposed(by: bag)
textField.rx.text
.subscribe(onNext: { text in
print("text is", text ?? "nil")
}).disposed(by: bag)
// 总结: 诸如UISlider.rx.value、UTextField.rx.text这类属性值,既是Observable,又是Observer
// 它们是RxCocoa.ControlProperty类型