Ubuntu 16.04LT下安装Docker CE最新版本

1. 更换Ubuntu的安装源

首先要更换ubuntu的源，否则安装过程网速会慢到抓狂，

1.1. 备份souces.list

$ cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.back

1.2. 替换/etc/apt/sources.list中的内容

这里使用的是阿里源

# deal Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial stable
# deb-src [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial stable
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

1.3. 更新apt包索引

$sudo apt-get update

2. 参照官方教程安装docker ce最新版本

2.1. 删除老的docker，如果有的话

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

2.2. 设置仓库

1. 安装HTTPs传输工具，运行apt来使用仓库

$ sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    software-properties-common

2. 添加docker官方的GPG key

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

接下来通过搜索指纹的最后8个特征，来验证一下当前你的机器是否拥有这个指纹的密钥了

$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

控制台输出如下结果

pub   4096R/0EBFCD88 2017-02-22
      Key fingerprint = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid                  Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
sub   4096R/F273FCD8 2017-02-22

3. 运行如下命来来建立稳定的仓库

$ sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

2.3. 安装DOCKER CE

1. 先更新一下apt包的索引

$ sudo apt-get update

2. 安装

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce

3. 如何安装指定版本的docker ce
   有的时候你可能需要安装指定版本的docker ce，这个时候你可以通过命令先查看一下你当前的仓库上有哪些版本

$ apt-cache madison docker-ce

这个时候你可以得到如下的输出，

 docker-ce | 17.12.1~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xeni                                                                                                                                   al/stable amd64 Packages
  ...

然后你就可以安装你所需的了

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION>

3. 修改docker的镜像源

申请一个阿里云的账号，然后打开如下链接
https://cr.console.aliyun.com/#/accelerator
打开容器镜像服务 -> 镜像加速器，参照里面的操作文档设置。