复习英语语法-形容词和副词

形容词

形容词用途：形容主体是什么样的，主体是名词，在句子的成份既可以做名词前的修饰，可以做表语，在系动词后修饰。

形容词可以放在名词前，如a beatiful dress；

在名词前面时，多个形容词不需要and，如a big red apple（一个又大又红的苹果）

名词前面形容词的次序：[其它形容词] [国家的][材料的] 名词;

注意：形容词没有复数形式。如果一个词有复数形式，那这个词要么是名词，如果后面加s那可能是动词的第三人称形式。

形容词也可以放在名词后，但必须接在动词后面，动词有be/look/feel/seem/taste/appear/taste；

放在名词后面，接多个形容词时，要用and连接，例：This phone is thin and light.

形容词比较形式

一、普通形容词在词尾后变成er来变成比较级形容词：

1.直接加er；smaller、faster、cheaper、shorter、

2.以e结尾直接加r；nicer、later、winder、larger

3.重复词尾字母+er；如：bigger、hotter、thinner、

4.以y结尾变y为i+er；如easier、drier、luckier、friendlier、

二、多个音节以上直接加more形成比较级；如more expensive、more modern

使用：
1.比较级+than+宾语代词，如：Tony is taller than her.

2.比较级+than+主语代词+be动词；如：Tony is taller than she is. # than 是介词吗？

3.not as+形容词+as 宾语，如Leading is not as easy as management. It is not as heavy as I thought it would be.

以下句子是相同的意思：

Leading is not as easy as management. （管理比领导容易）

Management is easier than Leading.

4.too+形容词，This coffee is too sweet (sweeter than I want)

• 比较too and very:

It's very hot today.(This is a fact.)

It's too hot today.(It's hotter than I want.)

• too 和 enough的比较：

too+形容词+to do sth. He is too young to drive.

not+形容词+enough+to do sth. He is not old enough to drive.

• A 谓 +the same+noun(+as) B： A和B相同. He has the same age as she.

修饰比较级程度词

• 增加比较极程度的词： a lot、 much
  例：He looks a lot older than his wife. He looks much older than his wife

• 减少比较级程度的词： a little、 a bit
  例： The climate in New Zealand was a bit nicer than we had expected.

副词

副词修改除名词之外的词，表示怎样、何时、在哪做。

副词的形式（记住常用的即可）在词典中有有adv的词都是副词。

常见有些是形容词加ly，如loudly, hourly；

以y结尾则要变y为ily，如easily, happily;

也有不规则的形式，如fast。

注意不是以ly结尾都是副词，如friendly，lovely, silly 和 lonely.

副词在句子中的位置

1.一般副词放在动词后面，如果动词接宾后面，则放在宾语后面。
例：
I can sleep quickly.

He does the dishes carelessly.

A stream flowed gently down into the valley.

2.频率副词在句子中的位置：放在be动词/助动词/情态动词之后，在一般动词之前。

频率副词：always(100%) usually(90%) generally(80%) often(70%) sometimes(50%) occassionally(30%) seldom(10%) rarely(5%) never(0%)

放在一般动词之前：He usually learn English after lunch.
放在Be动词之后： He is sometimes late for work.
放情态动词之后：He will never waste his time.

备注：
助动词，也叫辅助动词，不能单独做谓语。

基本助动词只有三个：be， do， have， 它们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。

情态助动词，有词性意义，情态动词接动词原型；情态助动词有can(could), shall(should), may(might), will(would), must, need not, ought to, used to, dare, had better,

增加形容词或副词程度的词

• 增加程度：very, really, extremely
  We did very well.
  We did really well.
  We didd extremely well.

• 减少程度：fairly, quite
  We did fairly well but only fairly well.
  Well, actually it requires quite a bit of work and research.

参考资料：English Grammar App.