【外刊D50】从政经验为零，喜剧演员如何逆袭成总统
今日导读
近日，乌克兰总统大选爆出了令人震惊的结果：毫无从政经验的喜剧演员弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基，竟然打败了在乌克兰政坛摸爬滚打了多年的现任总统彼得·波罗申科，以压倒性的票数优势赢得了总统大选，这让不少看客惊呼“现实远比剧本更精彩”。如今，只在电视剧中演过总统的泽连斯基成为了现实中真正的总统，他将面对哪些政治难题？乌克兰民众又是怎样看待这位当选总统的“政治素人”的呢？让我们跟着雪梨老师，一起走进《路透社》的相关报道吧！
新闻原文
Ukraine enters uncharted new era after comedian wins presidency
Reuters
Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday after near final results showed a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies had dramatically up-ended the status quo and won the country's presidential election by a landslide.
The emphatic victory of Volodymyr Zelenskiy, 41, is a bitter blow for incumbent Petro Poroshenko who tried to rally Ukrainians around the flag by casting himself as a bulwark against Russia and a champion of Ukrainian identity.
Zelenskiy, who plays a fictitious president in a popular TV series, is now poised to take over the leadership of a country on the frontline of the West's standoff with Russia.
He has promised to end the war in the eastern Donbass region and to root out corruption amid widespread dismay over rising prices and sliding living standards.
But he has been coy about exactly how he plans to achieve all that and investors want reassurances that he will accelerate reforms needed to attract foreign investment and keep the country in an International Monetary Fund programme.
"Since there is complete uncertainty about the economic policy of the person who will become president, we simply don't know what is going to happen and that worries the financial community, " said Serhiy Fursa, an investment banker at Dragon Capital in Kiev.
带着问题听讲解
如何理解“uncharted political waters”这一短语？
泽连斯基准备在上任后实现哪些目标？
乌克兰民众对于这位即将上任的总统持什么态度？
新闻正文
Ukraine enters uncharted new era after comedian wins presidency
喜剧演员当选总统，乌克兰进入未知的新时代
Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday after near final results showed a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies had dramatically up-ended the status quo and won the country's presidential election by a landslide.
周一，乌克兰进入了崭新的政治局面。此前，投票接近尾声时的结果显示，一名毫无从政经验、没怎么制定过具体政策的喜剧演员戏剧性地颠覆了现状，以压倒性优势赢得了该国的总统大选。
The emphatic victory of Volodymyr Zelenskiy, 41, is a bitter blow for incumbent Petro Poroshenko who tried to rally Ukrainians around the flag by casting himself as a bulwark against Russia and a champion of Ukrainian identity.
现年 41 岁的弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基大获全胜，这对于现任总统彼得·波罗申科来说，是一个沉重的打击。波罗申科曾把自己塑造成对抗俄罗斯的卫士和乌克兰民族认同感的捍卫者，并试图以此将乌克兰人民团结在国旗下。
Zelenskiy, who plays a fictitiouspresident in a popular TV series, is now poised to take over the leadership of a country on the frontline of the West's standoffwith Russia.
泽连斯基在一部热门电视剧中扮演了一个虚构的总统角色。乌克兰正处在西方与俄罗斯对峙的第一线。而泽连斯基现在准备接管的，正是这样一个国家的领导权。
He has promised to end the war in the eastern Donbass region and to root out corruption amid widespread dismay over rising prices and sliding living standards.
面对物价上涨、生活水平下降带来的普遍低落情绪，他已经承诺将结束东部顿巴斯地区的战争，并根除腐败现象。
But he has been coy about exactly how he plans to achieve all that and investors want reassurancesthat he will accelerate reforms needed to attract foreign investment and keep the country in an International Monetary Fund programme.
但是，他对于究竟打算如何实现这些目标一直含糊其辞。而投资者们希望他能做出一些能够消除他们疑虑的举动——加快吸引外商投资所需的改革，并将乌克兰保留在国际货币基金组织的项目中。
"Since there is complete uncertainty about the economic policy of the person who will become president, we simply don't know what is going to happen and that worries the financial community," said Serhiy Fursa, an investment banker at Dragon Capital in Kiev.
谢尔希·弗萨是一名来自基辅市巨龙资本投资公司的投资银行家，他说：“因为下一任总统的经济政策完全是未知数，我们根本不知道会发生什么，这让金融界感到担忧。”
重点词汇
uncharted
/ˌʌnˈtʃɑːrtɪd/
adj. 地图上没有标明的；陌生的，未知的
相关词汇：chart (v.)
waters
/ˈwɑt̮ərs/
n. （某一江、河、湖、海的）水域
例句：The party is sailing in uncharted waters.
up-end
/ʌpˈend/
v. 翻倒，颠倒
同义词：upend
相关词汇：up（向上）; end（末端，底面）
例句：The man's entire life is upended.
status quo
/ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwoʊ/
现状；原来的状况
搭配短语：to defend/maintain the status quo
by a landslide
以压倒性的多数获胜
相关词汇：land（土地）；slide（滑动）
相关词汇：landslide（滑坡、塌方）
landslide 搭配短语：a landslide victory
landslide 例句：He apologized for having behaved badly in his younger years, and went on to win election in a landslide victory.
emphatic
/ɪmˈfætɪk/
adj. 强调的，有力的；明显的，突出的
相关词汇：emphasis (n.)
搭配短语：an emphatic win/defeat
incumbent
/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/
adj. 在职的，现任的
词性拓展：incumbent (n.)
例句：He beat the incumbent.
rally sb. around sth.
把...召集在...周围，让...团结在...周围
bulwark
/ˈbʊlwɜːrk/
n. 堡垒，防御工事；保护者，防御者
搭配短语：a bulwark of a place
搭配短语：a bulwark against capitalism
fictitious
/fɪkˈtɪʃəs/
adj. 虚构的
英文释义：invented by sb. rather than true
例句：All characters appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.
poised
/pɔɪzd/
adj. 准备就绪的
搭配短语：be poised to do sth.
take over
接任；接管
搭配短语：take over from sb. as sth.
例句：Zelenskiy will take over from Poroshenko as President of Ukraine.
on the frontline of ...
在...的第一线
同义词：on the front line of ...
standoff
/ˈstændˌɔːf/
n. 僵局，僵持局面
英文释义：a situation in which no agreement can be reached
root out
找到并根除
相关词汇：root（v. 翻找）
近义词：get rid of
搭配短语：root out inefficiency in this company
dismay
/dɪsˈmeɪ/
n. 沮丧，灰心
coy
/kɔɪ/
adj. 含糊其词的；遮遮掩掩的
英文释义：not willing to give information about sth.
搭配短语：be coy about sth.
reassurance
/ˌriːəˈʃʊrəns/
n. 安慰；能消除疑虑的话语或行动
英文释义：something that is said or done to take away a person's fears or doubts
accelerate
/əkˈseləreɪt/
v.（使）加快，（使）增速
搭配短语：to accelerate the rate of economic growth
补充词汇知识
Ukraine
n. 乌克兰
comedian
n. 喜剧演员
presidency
n. 总统职务
搭配短语：win presidency
dramatically
adv. 戏剧性地
emphatic
adj. 强调的，有力的
搭配短语：an emphatic denial
bitter
adj. 使人痛苦的
例句：The black sweater stirred up bitter memories.
champion
n. 拥护者，捍卫者
搭配短语：a champion of women's rights
identity
n. 身份认同感
英文释义：the qualities that a group of people have, that make them different from other people
leadership
n. 领导权
the West
西方国家
amid
prep. 在…中间，在…当中
widespread
adj. 广泛的；普遍的
sliding
adj. 不断下滑的
living standards
生活水平
International Monetary Fund
国际货币基金组织
缩写：IMF
simply
adv. 完全地；绝对地
the financial community
金融界
community 搭配短语：the business/academic community
长难句解析
Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday after near final results showed a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies had dramatically up-ended the status quo and won the country's presidential election by a landslide.
周一，乌克兰进入了崭新的政治局面。此前，投票接近尾声时的结果显示，一名毫无从政经验、没怎么制定过具体政策的喜剧演员戏剧性地颠覆了现状，以压倒性优势赢得了该国的总统大选。
主句为 Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday。after 引导了一个时间状语从句，其中 near final results showed 后面跟着的是宾语从句。宾语从句的主语为 a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies。
拓展阅读
彼得·波罗申科
彼得·阿列克谢耶维奇·波罗申科，出生于 1965 年 9 月 26 日，后在基辅大学学习经济和法律。1996 年，他创建了如胜（Roshen）糖果集团，并将其发展成为欧洲最大的糖果制造企业之一，被誉为“巧克力大王”。波罗申科长期占据乌克兰前十大富豪榜。
波罗申科曾多次当选议会议员，他在 2007 年被任命为乌克兰央行行长，2012 年出任经济发展和贸易部长。2014 年 5 月，波罗申科当选乌克兰总统，任期五年。在波罗申科任内，乌克兰失去了领土完整，东部亲俄的三个州处于事实上的独立状态；GDP 下降了一半，贪腐丑闻频发，波罗申科本人也丑闻缠身。
北京时间 2019 年 4 月 22 日，2019 年乌克兰大选第二轮投票结束。波罗申科支持率仅为 26.3%，他随后承认落败，并向对手表达祝贺。
弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基
弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基，1978 年出生于乌克兰，是该国著名的喜剧演员。
2015 年，泽连斯基在《人民公仆》中饰演乌克兰总统，奠定了他乌克兰“国民喜剧演员”的地位。自竞选乌克兰总统以来，毫无政治经验的泽连斯基并未提出任何明晰的治国方略，他能当选的最主要原因是选民对波罗申科的失望。
4 月 21 日，乌克兰大选落下帷幕，喜剧演员泽连斯基获得了 73%的选票，以压倒性的优势赢得胜利，当选乌克兰 1991 年独立以来的第六任总统。他将于今年 6 月 7 日宣誓就任总统。
乌克兰政局
在 2004 年至 2005 年乌克兰总统大选中，由于选举舞弊引发的一系列抗议和政治事件（又称”橙色革命”），第二轮的选举结果作废。亲美的总统候选人尤先科成功当选总统。橙色革命后，尤先科执政时期的乌克兰曾面临过严重的通货膨胀问题。在 2010 年乌克兰总统选举中，前总理亚努科维奇在第二轮投票中取得胜利，再度上台执政。
2013 年底，亲俄的亚努科维奇政府中止和欧洲联盟签署政治和自由贸易协议，欲强化和俄罗斯的关系，导致乌克兰亲欧派在基辅展开反政府示威。2014 年 2 月 22 日，亚努科维奇被议会罢免总统职务，并宣布提前举行总统大选。此后亲欧美的波罗申科上台。领导人的频繁变更和国家政策的持续变动，造成了社会动荡、经济衰退、战乱地区上百万人被迫背井离乡等后果。
2014 年，乌克兰开始实施议会总统制，总统权力大幅缩小。总统执政不仅受政府和议会制约，也被寡头垄断国内经济等因素影响。由于权力的分散化，总统在一些关键问题上要想有所作为并不容易。
