iOS 底层分析

iOS底层原理之消息发送

2019-12-29  本文已影响0人  尘舒

1.方法的本质

1.1 探索
// oc
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        LGPerson *person = [[LGPerson alloc] init];;
        [person sayNB];
    }
    return 0;
}

// c++
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        LGPerson *person = ((LGPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)((LGPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("LGPerson"), sel_registerName("alloc")), sel_registerName("init"));;
        ((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)person, sel_registerName("sayNB"));
    }
    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        LGPerson *person = ((LGPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)((LGPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("LGPerson"), sel_registerName("alloc")), sel_registerName("init"));;
        ((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)person, sel_registerName("sayNB"));
        // run是函数，直接调用了
        run();
    }
    return 0;
}
1.2 分析

2. objc_msgSend分析

2.1 初探
image.png
2.2 探究 objc_msgSend
    ENTRY _objc_msgSend
    UNWIND _objc_msgSend, NoFrame

    cmp p0, #0          // nil check and tagged pointer check
#if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
    b.le    LNilOrTagged        //  (MSB tagged pointer looks negative)
#else
    b.eq    LReturnZero
#endif
    // person - isa - 类
    ldr p13, [x0]       // p13 = isa
    GetClassFromIsa_p16 p13     // p16 = class
LGetIsaDone:
    CacheLookup NORMAL      // calls imp or objc_msgSend_uncached


.macro CheckMiss
    // miss if bucket->sel == 0
.if $0 == GETIMP
    cbz p9, LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL
    cbz p9, __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
    cbz p9, __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro

    STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached
    UNWIND __objc_msgSend_uncached, FrameWithNoSaves

    // THIS IS NOT A CALLABLE C FUNCTION
    // Out-of-band p16 is the class to search
    
    MethodTableLookup
    TailCallFunctionPointer x17

    END_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached

macro MethodTableLookup
    
    // push frame
    SignLR
    stp fp, lr, [sp, #-16]!
    mov fp, sp
        // 一系列准备工作
    // save parameter registers: x0..x8, q0..q7
    sub sp, sp, #(10*8 + 8*16)
    stp q0, q1, [sp, #(0*16)]
    stp q2, q3, [sp, #(2*16)]
    stp q4, q5, [sp, #(4*16)]
    stp q6, q7, [sp, #(6*16)]
    stp x0, x1, [sp, #(8*16+0*8)]
    stp x2, x3, [sp, #(8*16+2*8)]
    stp x4, x5, [sp, #(8*16+4*8)]
    stp x6, x7, [sp, #(8*16+6*8)]
    str x8,     [sp, #(8*16+8*8)]

    // receiver and selector already in x0 and x1
    mov x2, x16
          // 一系列准备工作之后，进入到方法的查找以及缓存的加载
    bl  __class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache3

IMP _class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache3(id obj, SEL sel, Class cls)
{
    return lookUpImpOrForward(cls, sel, obj, 
                              YES/*initialize*/, NO/*cache*/, YES/*resolver*/);
}
2.4 补充
image.png 
IMP _class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache3(id obj, SEL sel, Class cls)
{
    return lookUpImpOrForward(cls, sel, obj, 
                              YES/*initialize*/, NO/*cache*/, YES/*resolver*/);
}
2.3 小结

3. 方法查找流程

3.1 分析
3.2 流程分析
lookUpImpOrForward分析
    if (!cls->isRealized()) {
        realizeClass(cls);
    }

    if (initialize  &&  !cls->isInitialized()) {
        runtimeLock.unlock();
        _class_initialize (_class_getNonMetaClass(cls, inst));
        runtimeLock.lock();
        // If sel == initialize, _class_initialize will send +initialize and 
        // then the messenger will send +initialize again after this 
        // procedure finishes. Of course, if this is not being called 
        // from the messenger then it won't happen. 2778172
    }

     // Try this class's method lists.
    //当前类的方法列表
    {
        Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(cls, sel);
        if (meth) {
            log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, cls);
            imp = meth->imp;
            goto done;
        }
    }

    // Try superclass caches and method lists.
    //当前类的父类方法列表
    {
        unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();
        for (Class curClass = cls->superclass;
             curClass != nil;
             curClass = curClass->superclass)
        {
            // Halt if there is a cycle in the superclass chain.
            if (--attempts == 0) {
                _objc_fatal("Memory corruption in class list.");
            }
            
            // Superclass cache.
            imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel);
            if (imp) {
                if (imp != (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache) {
                    // Found the method in a superclass. Cache it in this class.
                    log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
                    goto done;
                }
                else {
                    // Found a forward:: entry in a superclass.
                    // Stop searching, but don't cache yet; call method 
                    // resolver for this class first.
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            // Superclass method list.
            Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
            if (meth) {
                log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, curClass);
                imp = meth->imp;
                goto done;
            }
        }
    }

static method_t *
getMethodNoSuper_nolock(Class cls, SEL sel)
{
    runtimeLock.assertLocked();

    assert(cls->isRealized());
    // fixme nil cls? 
    // fixme nil sel?

    for (auto mlists = cls->data()->methods.beginLists(), 
              end = cls->data()->methods.endLists(); 
         mlists != end;
         ++mlists)
    {
        method_t *m = search_method_list(*mlists, sel);
        if (m) return m;
    }

    return nil;
}

// 关键二分查找代码
for (count = list->count; count != 0; count >>= 1) {
        probe = base + (count >> 1);
        
        uintptr_t probeValue = (uintptr_t)probe->name;
        
        if (keyValue == probeValue) {
            // `probe` is a match.
            // Rewind looking for the *first* occurrence of this value.
            // This is required for correct category overrides.
            while (probe > first && keyValue == (uintptr_t)probe[-1].name) {
                probe--;
            }
            return (method_t *)probe;
        }
        
        if (keyValue > probeValue) {
            base = probe + 1;
            count--;
        }
    }

static void
log_and_fill_cache(Class cls, IMP imp, SEL sel, id receiver, Class implementer)
{
#if SUPPORT_MESSAGE_LOGGING
    if (objcMsgLogEnabled) {
        bool cacheIt = logMessageSend(implementer->isMetaClass(), 
                                      cls->nameForLogging(),
                                      implementer->nameForLogging(), 
                                      sel);
        if (!cacheIt) return;
    }
#endif
    cache_fill (cls, sel, imp, receiver);
}

// objc源码
_class_resolveInstanceMethod(cls, sel, inst)
_class_resolveClassMethod(cls, sel, inst)

// NSObject内部方法
+ (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)sel OBJC_AVAILABLE(10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 1.0, 2.0);
+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel OBJC_AVAILABLE(10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 1.0, 2.0);

 imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;

    STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache

    // No stret specialization.
    b   __objc_msgForward

    END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache

    ENTRY __objc_msgForward

    adrp    x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGE
    ldr p17, [x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGEOFF]
    TailCallFunctionPointer x17
    
    END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward

objc_defaultForwardHandler(id self, SEL sel)
{
    _objc_fatal("%c[%s %s]: unrecognized selector sent to instance %p "
                "(no message forward handler is installed)", 
                class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self)) ? '+' : '-', 
                object_getClassName(self), sel_getName(sel), self);
}
void *_objc_forward_handler = (void*)objc_defaultForwardHandler;
3.3 总结

结束语

image.png
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