RecyclerView刷新方法中的观察者模式

2017-08-10  本文已影响0人  lxbnjupt

一、观察者模式

1.定义

观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象。这个主题对象在状态上发生变化时,会通知所有观察者对象,使它们能够自动更新自己。

观察者模式.png

(1)抽象主题(Subject)角色:

抽象主题角色把所有对观察者对象的引用保存在一个聚集(比如ArrayList对象)里,每个主题都可以有任何数量的观察者。
抽象主题提供一个接口,可以增加和删除观察者对象,抽象主题角色又叫做抽象被观察者(Observable)角色。可以定义为接口或者抽象类,一般定义为抽象类。

(2)具体主题(ConcreteSubject)角色:

将有关联状态存入具体观察者对象,在具体主题的内部状态改变时,给所有登记过的观察者发出通知(调用抽象主题的notifyObserver)。具体主题角色又叫做具体观察者(Concrete Observable)角色。

(3)抽象观察者(Observer)角色

一个接口。为所有的具体观察者定义一个接口,在得到主题的通知时更新自己,这个接口叫做更新接口。

(4)具体观察者(ConcreteObserver)角色

是抽象观察者的实现类,实现父类的方法更新自己。存储与主题的状态自恰的状态。具体观察者角色实现抽象观察者角色所要求的更新接口,以便使本身的状态相协调。如果需要,具体观察者角色可以保持一个指向具体主题对象的引用。

2.简单示例

抽象主题

public abstract class Observable {

    private static final String TAG = Observable.class.getSimpleName();

    // 观察者集合
    private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();

    // 注册观察者对象
    public void add(Observer observer) {
        observers.add(observer);
        Log.i(TAG, "Add an observer");
    }

    // 删除观察者对象
    public void remove(Observer observer) {
        observers.remove(observer);
        Log.i(TAG, "Remove an observer");
    }

    // 删除所有观察者对象
    public void removeAll(){
        observers.clear();
    }

    // 通知所有观察者更新状态
    public void nodifyObservers(String strUpdate) {
        // 遍历通知
        for (Observer observer : observers) {
            observer.update(strUpdate);
        }
    }
}

具体主题

public class ConcreteObservable extends Observable {

    // 调用即可通知所有的观察者
    public void change(String strChange){
        nodifyObservers(strChange);
    }
}

抽象观察者

public interface Observer {

    /**
     * 更新方法
     * @param str
     */
    public abstract void update(String str);
}

具体观察者

public class ConcreteObserver implements Observer {

    private static final String TAG = ConcreteObserver.class.getSimpleName();
    @Override
    public void update(String str) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Receive new Message: " + str);
    }
}

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ConcreteObserver observer = new ConcreteObserver();
    ConcreteObservable observable = new ConcreteObservable();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button addObserver = (Button) findViewById(R.id.add_observer);
        Button update = (Button) findViewById(R.id.update);

        addObserver.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                observable.add(observer);
            }
        });

        update.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                observable.change("Hello World!");
            }
        });
    }
}

运行结果:

I/Observable: Add an observer
I/ConcreteObserver: Receive new Message: Hello World!

二、RecyclerView源码中的观察者模式

我们使用RecyclerView的时候,在每次更新了RecyclerView的数据后通常调用notifyDataSetChanged(),notifyItemChanged(),notifyItemRangeChanged(),notifyItemInserted(),notifyItemRemoved(),notifyItemMoved()等方法来更新我们的视图。而这些更新方法就是用到了我们所说的观察者模式,我们就看一下RecyclerView源码中的观察者模式是怎么实现的。

public static abstract class Adapter<VH extends ViewHolder> {
        private final AdapterDataObservable mObservable = new AdapterDataObservable();
        private boolean mHasStableIds = false;

        public abstract VH onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType);
        public abstract void onBindViewHolder(VH holder, int position);
        public void onBindViewHolder(VH holder, int position, List<Object> payloads) {
            onBindViewHolder(holder, position);
        }

        public final void bindViewHolder(VH holder, int position) {
            holder.mPosition = position;
            if (hasStableIds()) {
                holder.mItemId = getItemId(position);
            }
            holder.setFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_BOUND,
                    ViewHolder.FLAG_BOUND | ViewHolder.FLAG_UPDATE | ViewHolder.FLAG_INVALID
                            | ViewHolder.FLAG_ADAPTER_POSITION_UNKNOWN);
            TraceCompat.beginSection(TRACE_BIND_VIEW_TAG);
            onBindViewHolder(holder, position, holder.getUnmodifiedPayloads());
            holder.clearPayload();
            final ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = holder.itemView.getLayoutParams();
            if (layoutParams instanceof RecyclerView.LayoutParams) {
                ((LayoutParams) layoutParams).mInsetsDirty = true;
            }
            TraceCompat.endSection();
        }
   
        public int getItemViewType(int position) {
            return 0;
        }

        public void setHasStableIds(boolean hasStableIds) {
            if (hasObservers()) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot change whether this adapter has " +
                        "stable IDs while the adapter has registered observers.");
            }
            mHasStableIds = hasStableIds;
        }
    
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return NO_ID;
        }

        
        public final boolean hasStableIds() {
            return mHasStableIds;
        }

        public void onViewRecycled(VH holder) {
        }

        public boolean onFailedToRecycleView(VH holder) {
            return false;
        }

        public void onViewAttachedToWindow(VH holder) {
        }

        public final boolean hasObservers() {
            return mObservable.hasObservers();
        }

        public void onDetachedFromRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) {
        }

        public final void notifyDataSetChanged() {
            mObservable.notifyChanged();
        }

        public final void notifyItemChanged(int position) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeChanged(position, 1);
        }

        public final void notifyItemChanged(int position, Object payload) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeChanged(position, 1, payload);
        }

        public final void notifyItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeChanged(positionStart, itemCount);
        }

        public final void notifyItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount, Object payload) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeChanged(positionStart, itemCount, payload);
        }

        public final void notifyItemInserted(int position) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeInserted(position, 1);
        }

        public final void notifyItemRangeInserted(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeInserted(positionStart, itemCount);
        }

        public final void notifyItemRemoved(int position) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeRemoved(position, 1);
        }

        public final void notifyItemRangeRemoved(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            mObservable.notifyItemRangeRemoved(positionStart, itemCount);
        }
    }

接下来,我们跟进到notifyDataSetChanged()方法看看,mObservable.notifyChanged()进到AdapterDataObservable中。

static class AdapterDataObservable extends Observable<AdapterDataObserver> {
        public boolean hasObservers() {
            return !mObservers.isEmpty();
        }

        public void notifyChanged() {
            for (int i = mObservers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                mObservers.get(i).onChanged();
            }
        }

        public void notifyItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            notifyItemRangeChanged(positionStart, itemCount, null);
        }

        public void notifyItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount, Object payload) {
            for (int i = mObservers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                mObservers.get(i).onItemRangeChanged(positionStart, itemCount, payload);
            }
        }

        public void notifyItemRangeInserted(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            for (int i = mObservers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                mObservers.get(i).onItemRangeInserted(positionStart, itemCount);
            }
        }

        public void notifyItemRangeRemoved(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            for (int i = mObservers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                mObservers.get(i).onItemRangeRemoved(positionStart, itemCount);
            }
        }

        public void notifyItemMoved(int fromPosition, int toPosition) {
            for (int i = mObservers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                mObservers.get(i).onItemRangeMoved(fromPosition, toPosition, 1);
            }
        }
    }

从AdapterDataObservable的notifyChanged()方法可知,就是遍历所有的观察者,调用它们的onChange()方法来进行通知。而且我们可以发现,其实不光是notifyDataSetChanged()方法,其它刷新方法都是通过一样的模式去通知观察者的。
如此,我们知道了被观察者(Observable)是怎么实现的,再来看下观察者(Observer)的实现。RecyclerView关联数据的时候都是通过调用setAdapter()方法实现的,我们看下setAdapter()方法。

public void setAdapter(Adapter adapter) {
        setLayoutFrozen(false);
        setAdapterInternal(adapter, false, true);
        requestLayout();
    }

该方法把adapter传进了setAdapterInternal()方法,我们再看下这个方法。

private void setAdapterInternal(Adapter adapter, boolean compatibleWithPrevious,
            boolean removeAndRecycleViews) {
        if (mAdapter != null) {
            mAdapter.unregisterAdapterDataObserver(mObserver);
            mAdapter.onDetachedFromRecyclerView(this);
        }
        if (!compatibleWithPrevious || removeAndRecycleViews) {
            removeAndRecycleViews();
        }
        mAdapterHelper.reset();
        final Adapter oldAdapter = mAdapter;
        mAdapter = adapter;
        if (adapter != null) {
            adapter.registerAdapterDataObserver(mObserver);
            adapter.onAttachedToRecyclerView(this);
        }
        if (mLayout != null) {
            mLayout.onAdapterChanged(oldAdapter, mAdapter);
        }
        mRecycler.onAdapterChanged(oldAdapter, mAdapter, compatibleWithPrevious);
        mState.mStructureChanged = true;
        markKnownViewsInvalid();
    }

在setAdapter的时候会构建一个RecyclerViewDataObserver,也就是我们的观察者(RecyclerViewDataObserver),然后将它注册到被观察者中,我们找到了被观察者和观察者之间的关联。RecyclerViewDataObserver继承自AdapterDataObserver,那我们看下AdapterDataObserver。

public static abstract class AdapterDataObserver {
        public void onChanged() {
            // Do nothing
        }

        public void onItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            // do nothing
        }

        public void onItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount, Object payload) {
            // fallback to onItemRangeChanged(positionStart, itemCount) if app
            // does not override this method.
            onItemRangeChanged(positionStart, itemCount);
        }

        public void onItemRangeInserted(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            // do nothing
        }

        public void onItemRangeRemoved(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            // do nothing
        }

        public void onItemRangeMoved(int fromPosition, int toPosition, int itemCount) {
            // do nothing
        }
    }

父类AdapterDataObserver都是空方法,没有具体的实现,是抽象观察者角色。我们再来看下RecyclerViewDataObserver的具体实现。

private class RecyclerViewDataObserver extends AdapterDataObserver {
        RecyclerViewDataObserver() {
        }

        @Override
        public void onChanged() {
            assertNotInLayoutOrScroll(null);
            mState.mStructureChanged = true;

            setDataSetChangedAfterLayout();
            if (!mAdapterHelper.hasPendingUpdates()) {
                requestLayout();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onItemRangeChanged(int positionStart, int itemCount, Object payload) {
            assertNotInLayoutOrScroll(null);
            if (mAdapterHelper.onItemRangeChanged(positionStart, itemCount, payload)) {
                triggerUpdateProcessor();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onItemRangeInserted(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            assertNotInLayoutOrScroll(null);
            if (mAdapterHelper.onItemRangeInserted(positionStart, itemCount)) {
                triggerUpdateProcessor();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onItemRangeRemoved(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
            assertNotInLayoutOrScroll(null);
            if (mAdapterHelper.onItemRangeRemoved(positionStart, itemCount)) {
                triggerUpdateProcessor();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onItemRangeMoved(int fromPosition, int toPosition, int itemCount) {
            assertNotInLayoutOrScroll(null);
            if (mAdapterHelper.onItemRangeMoved(fromPosition, toPosition, itemCount)) {
                triggerUpdateProcessor();
            }
        }

        void triggerUpdateProcessor() {
            if (POST_UPDATES_ON_ANIMATION && mHasFixedSize && mIsAttached) {
                ViewCompat.postOnAnimation(RecyclerView.this, mUpdateChildViewsRunnable);
            } else {
                mAdapterUpdateDuringMeasure = true;
                requestLayout();
            }
        }
    }

当RecyclerView的数据发生变化时,调用Adapter的notifyDataSetChanged()方法,这个方法又会调用AdapterDataObservable的notifyChanged()方法。这个方法又会调用所有观察者的onChanged()方法,在onChanged方法里对RecyclerView进行重新布局实现刷新界面。

瞎总结

我们在为RecyclerView创建Adapter的时候,构建了一个具体观察者RecyclerViewDataObserver(继承自抽象观察者AdapterDataObserver),并注册到AdapterDataObservable。当我们调用notifyDataSetChanged()及其它刷新方法的时候,其实就是调用了被观察者AdapterDataObservable的notifyChanged()方法,而该方法会遍历所有观察者的onChanged()方法,最终调用RecyclerView重新布局从而实现界面刷新。

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