《经济学人》精读15：United States - Marri
The rise of long-distance marriage
Financial necessity is encouraging more couples to live apart
Dec 19th 2017 | NewYork
THE Callahans, Karen and Kevin, got married in 1973 when they were college students in Des Moines, Iowa. Forty years, two children and umpteen moves across the country later, they put down roots. Karen took a job in Durham, North Carolina, while Kevin stayed in Parkville, Missouri, where he could be close to relatives and prepare their home for retirement. They see each other at least once a month, for birthdays, holidays and mini-breaks. They look forward to their phone calls, almost every night at around nine.
About 3.9m married Americans aged 18 and over live apart from their spouses, up from around 2.7m in 2000. That number comes with some caveats, says Jonathan Vespa, a demographer with the US Census Bureau. Some of those people, like the Callahans, may be party to a commuter marriage. Others may be living apart, against their wishes, from spouses who are incarcerated, in nursing homes or serving in the armed forces. “We know it’s increasing,” says Danielle Lindemann, a professor of sociology at Lehigh University who surveyed a group of 97commuter spouses. “But we can’t really tell who is living apart just because of their jobs.”
umpteen: very many (informal word)
incarcerate: to put someone in prison: imprison
A higher share of men and women in their 30s and 40s live away from their partners than do those in younger and older working-age groups, according to census data. The number of separate spouses tapers off as people trade full-time employment for retirement. And the geographical patterns differ for men and women. Texas is home to the highest number of men who report an absent spouse, whereas Alaska takes the top spot for women. Nevada and New York, states with large tourism and manufacturing industries, are in the top five for both sexes.
Technological change has made living separate lives more bearable, and has thus probably contributed to long-distance marriage becoming more common. “With air travel and e-mail andFaceTime it’s a whole different ballgame,” Mr Callahan says. As communication and travel became easier and cheaper, the logistical challenges of keeping two homes and bringing up children together while physically apart dwindled. Ms Lindemann, who lived apart from her husband when she accepted a position in Nashville, is a case in point. She had no children and saw the separation as a temporary arrangement with a set end-date. Commuter couples in academia say the choice to live apart is a “professional necessity rather than financial necessity”, Ms Lindemann says.
taper off: to become gradually less and less: to decrease slowly
科技改变生活，也让分居两地的伴侣没有那么难过，时不时视频一下或者聚一下就好，一般中年伴侣分居的比例高
It is no fluke that there has been a shift away from cohabitation within marriage since the financial crisis of 2008. Mark Penn, a political strategist, argues that only a minority of commuter spouses are highly educated careerists and academics like Ms Lindemann. Most have been “forced apart by economics”, he says. The timing is suggestive: as the economy went into recession many people faced a choice between a job far away and no job at all. Curiously, though, the number of long-distance marriages has not declined, even as America’s economy has recovered. An enduring shift in America’s familial norms may be under way.
Long-distance marriage is often unglamorous. Some lucky commuters are able to visit their partner every weekend. Others go months, or even years, without a reunion.Holidays can provide a brief respite. Among the usual throngs of travellers this December will be husbands and wives who are neither estranged nor living together.
fluke: something that happens because of luck: an unexpected or unusual thing that happens by accident
respite: a short period of time when you are able to stop doing something that is difficult
这位Mark认为伴侣选择分开居住是由于经济原因，经济危机的时候，分居的比例会高点。但奇怪的是，经济复苏的时候这个比例也没有下降，可能美国家庭模式正在悄悄改变中...
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Results
Lexile®Measure: 1100L - 1200L
Mean Sentence Length: 16.11
Mean Log Word Frequency: 3.18
Word Count: 564
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