Selenium之使用PageFactory初始化pageobj
使用PageFactory初始化pageobject有什么作用呢,下面举个例子来说明
public BaiduPage baiduPage = PageFactory.initElements(driver,
BaiduPage.class);
场景:使用selenium 实现自动打开www.baidu.com首页,然后在搜索框内输入“路易”,并点击查找
环境:win7,X86,IE浏览器,eclipse(安装testng插件)
步骤一:
在eclipse中创建一个maven项目,并在pom.xml中引入selenium和testng的依赖
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.selelium.css</groupId>
<artifactId>mycss</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>mycss</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>2.48.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.9.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-ie-driver</artifactId>
<version>2.48.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
步骤二:
创建初始准备类:
package mycss;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
public class InitPre {
protected WebDriver driver;
private final String url = "www.baidu.com";
public InitPre(){
String IEPath = "C:\\Program Files\\Internet Explorer\\iexplore.exe";
//String IEPath_64 = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Internet Explorer\\iexplore.exe";
String pro_Path = System.getProperty("user.dir");
String IEDriver_Path = pro_Path + "\\IEDriverServer.exe";
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.bin", IEPath);
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", IEDriver_Path);
DesiredCapabilities ieCapabilities = DesiredCapabilities
.internetExplorer();
ieCapabilities
.setCapability(
InternetExplorerDriver.INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS,
true);
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(ieCapabilities);
driver.get(url);
}
}
步骤3:
将百度首页Pageobject:
package mycss;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
public class BaiduPage {
@FindBy(id = "kw")
private WebElement indexInput;
public void clearKeys_indexInput() {
indexInput.clear();
}
public void sendkeys_indexInput(String index) {
indexInput.sendKeys(index);
}
public void click_indexInput() {
indexInput.click();
}
}
步骤4:
通过PageFactory初始化PageObject对象:
package mycss;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class InitPage extends InitPre {
public BaiduPage baiduPage = PageFactory.initElements(driver,
BaiduPage.class);
}
步骤5:
编写测试用例:
package mycss;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class IndexTest
{
IndexTest(){
System.out.println("IndexTest");
}
public InitPage initPage=new InitPage();
BaiduPage baiduPage=initPage.baiduPage;
@BeforeTest
public void inittest(){
}
@Test
public void index_test(){
baiduPage.clearKeys_indexInput();
baiduPage.sendkeys_indexInput("路易");
baiduPage.click_indexInput();
}
}
完成上面的步骤后,执行IndexTest类,然后可以看到打开浏览器,进入百度首页,然后搜索“路易”
查看BaiduPage类可以知道,该类中仅对BaiduPage的控件和方法进行了封装,private WebElement indexInput indexInput并没有实例化,那么执行为什么会不报空指针呢?原因是因为下面的操作,PageFactory.initElements把driver传递给了BaiduPage的对象,当执行到WebElement indexInput indexInput这一步的话,传递的driver会在当前页面中查找该对象。大家可以尝试去掉代码中下面的一步,在执行用例查看运行结果
public BaiduPage baiduPage = PageFactory.initElements(driver,
BaiduPage.class);
总结:
Selenium2 引入了PageObject的思想,将每个页面的控件和操作封装成一个个Page类,然后在实现业务逻辑时,只需要调用对应的Page类即可。
PageFactory则是为了支持PageObject而产生的,可以通过InitElements方法给Page类传递driver,当执行到WebElement时,driver在当前的页面中查找元素,这样不需要对WebElement进行实例化。如下面代码:
@FindBy(id = "kw")
private WebElement indexInput;