下面的例子，创建一个容器，当点击时，在绿色或灰色框之间切换。_active 确定颜色。绿色为 true，灰色为 false。

widget 自己管理

// TapboxA 管理自身状态

//------------------------- TapboxA ----------------------------------

class TapboxA extends StatefulWidget {
  // 一个可选参数
  TapboxA({Key key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _TapboxAState createState() => _TapboxAState();
}

class _TapboxAState extends State<TapboxA> {
  // 保存的状态
  bool _active = false;

  void _handleTap() {
    // setState 修改状态
    setState(() {
      _active = !_active;
    });
  }

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GestureDetector(
      onTap: _handleTap,
      child: Container(
        child: Center(
          child: Text(
            _active ? 'Active' : 'Inactive',
            style: TextStyle(fontSize: 32.0, color: Colors.white),
          ),
        ),
        width: 200.0,
        height: 200.0,
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          color: _active ? Colors.lightGreen[700] : Colors.grey[600],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

//------------------------- MyApp ----------------------------------

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text('Flutter Demo'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: TapboxA(),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

父 widget 管理

// ParentWidget 为 TapboxB 管理状态

//------------------------ ParentWidget --------------------------------

class ParentWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _ParentWidgetState createState() => _ParentWidgetState();
}

class _ParentWidgetState extends State<ParentWidget> {
  // 在父 widget 中记录状态
  bool _active = false;

  void _handleTapboxChanged(bool newValue) {
    // 在父 widget 中更改状态
    setState(() { 
      _active = newValue;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
      // 将状态值和修改方法传递给子 widget
      child: TapboxB(
        active: _active,
        onChanged: _handleTapboxChanged,
      ),
    );
  }
}

//------------------------- TapboxB ----------------------------------

// 自身内部不需要 setState，继承了无状态的 StatelessWidget
class TapboxB extends StatelessWidget {
  TapboxB({Key key, this.active: false, @required this.onChanged})
      : super(key: key);

  final bool active;
  final ValueChanged<bool> onChanged;

  // 子 widget 调用父类 widget 方法
  void _handleTap() {
    onChanged(!active);
  }

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GestureDetector(
      onTap: _handleTap, // 修改状态
      child: Container(
        child: Center(
          child: Text(
            active ? 'Active' : 'Inactive',
            style: TextStyle(fontSize: 32.0, color: Colors.white),
          ),
        ),
        width: 200.0,
        height: 200.0,
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          color: active ? Colors.lightGreen[700] : Colors.grey[600],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

widget 自己和父 widget 都管理

自己管理一部分状态，父 widget 管理另一部分状态。

//---------------------------- ParentWidget ----------------------------

class ParentWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _ParentWidgetState createState() => new _ParentWidgetState();
}

class _ParentWidgetState extends State<ParentWidget> {
  // _active 状态由父类保存修改
  bool _active = false;

  void _handleTapboxChanged(bool newValue) {
    setState(() {
      _active = newValue;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Container(
      child: new TapboxC(
        active: _active,
        onChanged: _handleTapboxChanged,
      ),
    );
  }
}

//----------------------------- TapboxC ------------------------------

// widget 自己也要保存其它状态，所以继承 StatefulWidget
class TapboxC extends StatefulWidget {
  TapboxC({Key key, this.active: false, @required this.onChanged})
      : super(key: key);

  final bool active;
  final ValueChanged<bool> onChanged;

  _TapboxCState createState() => new _TapboxCState();
}

class _TapboxCState extends State<TapboxC> {
  // 这是自己内部保存的，父类看不到它
  bool _highlight = false;

  void _handleTapDown(TapDownDetails details) {
    setState(() {
      _highlight = true;
    });
  }

  void _handleTapUp(TapUpDetails details) {
    setState(() {
      _highlight = false;
    });
  }

  void _handleTapCancel() {
    setState(() {
      _highlight = false;
    });
  }

  void _handleTap() {
    widget.onChanged(!widget.active);
  }

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // This example adds a green border on tap down.
    // On tap up, the square changes to the opposite state.
    return new GestureDetector(
      onTapDown: _handleTapDown, // Handle the tap events in the order that
      onTapUp: _handleTapUp, // they occur: down, up, tap, cancel
      onTap: _handleTap,
      onTapCancel: _handleTapCancel,
      child: new Container(
        child: new Center(
          child: new Text(widget.active ? 'Active' : 'Inactive',
              style: new TextStyle(fontSize: 32.0, color: Colors.white)),
        ),
        width: 200.0,
        height: 200.0,
        decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          color:
              widget.active ? Colors.lightGreen[700] : Colors.grey[600],
          border: _highlight
              ? new Border.all(
                  color: Colors.teal[700],
                  width: 10.0,
                )
              : null,
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}