Go语言实践GoWebApi

使用JWT做RESTful API的身份验证-Go语言实现

2018-07-17  本文已影响18人  CoderMiner

使用JWT做RESTful API的身份验证-Go语言实现

使用Golang和MongoDB构建 RESTful API已经实现了一个简单的 RESTful API应用,但是对于有些API接口需要授权之后才能访问,在这篇文章中就用 jwt 做一个基于Token的身份验证,关于 jwt 请访问 JWT有详细的说明,而且有各个语言实现的库,请根据需要使用对应的版本。

image

需要先安装 jwt-go 接口 go get github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go

新增注册登录接口,并在登录时生成token

type Response struct {
    Code int         `json:"code"`
    Msg  string      `json:"msg"`
    Data interface{} `json:"data"`
}

func ResponseWithJson(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, payload interface{}) {
    response, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.WriteHeader(code)
    w.Write(response)
}
type User struct {
    UserName string `bson:"username" json:"username"`
    Password string `bson:"password" json:"password"`
}

type JwtToken struct {
    Token string `json:"token"`
}
func Register(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    var user models.User
    err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user)
    if err != nil || user.UserName == "" || user.Password == "" {
        helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusBadRequest,
            helper.Response{Code: http.StatusBadRequest, Msg: "bad params"})
        return
    }
    err = models.Insert(db, collection, user)
    if err != nil {
        helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusInternalServerError,
            helper.Response{Code: http.StatusInternalServerError, Msg: "internal error"})
    }
}

func Login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    var user models.User
    err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user)
    if err != nil {
        helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusBadRequest,
            helper.Response{Code: http.StatusBadRequest, Msg: "bad params"})
    }
    exist := models.IsExist(db, collection, bson.M{"username": user.UserName})
    if exist {
        token, _ := auth.GenerateToken(&user)
        helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusOK,
            helper.Response{Code: http.StatusOK, Data: models.JwtToken{Token: token}})
    } else {
        helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusNotFound,
            helper.Response{Code: http.StatusNotFound, Msg: "the user not exist"})
    }
}
func GenerateToken(user *models.User) (string, error) {
    token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, jwt.MapClaims{
        "username": user.UserName,
    //"exp":      time.Now().Add(time.Hour * 2).Unix(),// 可以添加过期时间
    })

    return token.SignedString([]byte("secret"))//对应的字符串请自行生成,最后足够使用加密后的字符串
}

http中间件

go http的中间件实现起来很简单,只需要实现一个函数签名为func(http.Handler) http.Handler的函数即可。

func middlewareHandler(next http.Handler) http.Handler{
    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){
        // 执行handler之前的逻辑
        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
        // 执行完毕handler后的逻辑
    })
}

我们使用的 mux 作为路由,本身支持在路由中添加中间件,改造一下之前的路由逻辑

routes/routes.go

type Route struct {
    Method     string
    Pattern    string
    Handler    http.HandlerFunc
    Middleware mux.MiddlewareFunc //添加中间件
}

func NewRouter() *mux.Router {
    router := mux.NewRouter()
    for _, route := range routes {
        r := router.Methods(route.Method).
            Path(route.Pattern)
    //如果这个路由有中间件的逻辑,需要通过中间件先处理一下
        if route.Middleware != nil {
            r.Handler(route.Middleware(route.Handler))
        } else {
            r.Handler(route.Handler)
        }
    }
    return router
}

实现身份验证的中间件

auth/middleware.go

验证的信息放在http Header

func TokenMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        tokenStr := r.Header.Get("authorization")
        if tokenStr == "" {
            helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusUnauthorized,
                helper.Response{Code: http.StatusUnauthorized, Msg: "not authorized"})
        } else {
            token, _ := jwt.Parse(tokenStr, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
                if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
                    helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusUnauthorized,
                        helper.Response{Code: http.StatusUnauthorized, Msg: "not authorized"})
                    return nil, fmt.Errorf("not authorization")
                }
                return []byte("secret"), nil
            })
            if !token.Valid {
                helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusUnauthorized,
                    helper.Response{Code: http.StatusUnauthorized, Msg: "not authorized"})
            } else {
                next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
            }
        }
    })
}

对需要验证的路由添加中间件

register("GET", "/movies", controllers.AllMovies, auth.TokenMiddleware) //需要中间件逻辑
register("GET", "/movies/{id}", controllers.FindMovie, nil)//不需要中间件

验证

//请求 post http://127.0.0.1:8080/login
//返回

{
    "code": 200,
    "msg": "",
    "data": {
        "token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImNvZGVybWluZXIifQ.pFzJLU8vnzWiweFKzHRsawyWA2jfuDIPlDU4zE92O7c"
    }
}
//请求 post http://127.0.0.1:8080/movies
在 Header中设置 "authorization":token
如果没有设置header会报 401 错误

{
    "code": 401,
    "msg": "not authorized",
    "data": null
}

源码 Github

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