新概念英语三语法精解 | Lesson 1 A puma at

Pumas are large cat-like animals which are found in America.
句子结构:主句Pumas … animals + which 定从。

下定义句
· A is B + 定从；
· A is called B + 定从；
· A is referred to B + 定从；
· A is defined/termed as B + 定从;
E.g. Life is a journey which everyone has his own practice.

When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
句子结构：时间状从句when … London + 主句；

时间状语从句结构：主句 reports … Zoo + that 同位语从句。

同从 V.S. 定从
· 从句性质：同从：名词性质，定从：形容词性质；
· 连接词：同从：that 不作成分，但不可省略，后接完整句子；定从：that 作成分，作从句宾语时可省略，that 后句子是不完整的。
· 同位语从句引导词：that, whether, who, which, where, when…, 90%情况引导词为that，先行词通常是抽象名词。

However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
句子结构：时状从 as … accumulate + 主句 experts … investigate + 原因状从for。

as作连词引导的状语从句：
方式状从：一般表达正如的意思
原因状从：一般译为- 由于/因为
时状从：一般译为 - 随着/当

The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her.
句子结构：主句 the hunt … village + 定从
定从结构：a woman 主，picking blackberries 定，saw 谓，’a large cat’ 宾，only five yards away from her 地状。

It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.
句子结构：主句 it … away + 时状从 when … it；主句 experts confirmed + 宾从 that

时态
· experts confirmed that … will not attack，主句过去时 + 从句一般将来时；
· 从句内容谓客观事实时，从句状态不受主句影响，一般是一般现在时或一般将来时。

The search proved difficult for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.
句子结构：主句 the search … difficult + 原因状从 for

trail n. 一串（量词）, a 量词 of sth.
a drop of water 一滴水
a sum of money 一笔钱

Wherever it went it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
句子结构：让步状从wherever it went + 主句 it …

Where 引导的从句
· 1. 引导地点状语从句
表示“在……的任何（所有）地方”，与where, anywhere, everywhere 用法相似.
E.g.: You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿都可以。
· 2. 引导让步状语从句，
表示“不管在（到）哪里”，相当于no matter where。
E.g.: Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。

Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.
句子结构：并列的被动语态，

Paw prints 主，were seen 谓，in a number of places 主补；
Puma fur 主，was found 谓，clinging to bushes 主补。

Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.
The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?
As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.
句子结构：原因状从 as … country + 主句

原状从结构：no pumas 主，had been reported 谓，missing 主补
must/could/might have done/been 对过去事件的推测，语气由强到弱。

manage to do sth. V.S. try to do sth.
· manage… 设法做sth. 并且做到了，强调结构；
· try … 尝试做sth. 不一定做到了，强调过程。

The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
句子结构：it 形式主语，is 系，disturbing 表，to think… 真正的主语。

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