Android事件分发机制 —— 一步步来

先放张流程图，本文的所有内容都基于这张图，如下：

事件分发流程图

讲解Android事件分发的文章很多了，这里我是在理解之后，做的一个总结。按照事件传递的流程，把每一步的事件处理和返回结果做个梳理，这里的总结只包含了ACTION_DOWN事件。

1##

先看Activity的dispatchTouchEvent()方法，如下：

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

分析上述代码：首先事件交给Activity所附属的Window进行分发，我们进入getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)这段代码:

    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

分析代码可以看出，PhoneWindow将事件传递给了DecorView，也就是最顶级的View，它继承自FrameLayout，所以它是一个ViewGroup，这样事件的分发，就从Activity进入了ViewGroup。这里我们先只讨论Activity对分发事件结果的处理。

1）如果返回true，则说明该事件被消费，则终止传递。

2）如果返回false，意味着事件没人处理，所有View的onTouchEvent都返回了false，那么Activity的onTouchEvent就会调用。

我们接着往下看，当事件传递给ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()，它是如何处理的。

2##

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
        }

        // If the event targets the accessibility focused view and this is it, start
        // normal event dispatch. Maybe a descendant is what will handle the click.
        if (ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus() && isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }

        boolean handled = false;
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

            // Handle an initial down.
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
                // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
                // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }

            // Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                intercepted = true;
            }

            // If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
            // a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
            if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
            }

            // Check for cancelation.
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {

                // If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
                // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
                // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
                // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
                // state since these events are very rare.
                View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                        ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;

                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                    final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                            : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;

                    // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                    // have become out of sync.
                    removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);

                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);

                            // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                            // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                            // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                            // safer given the timeframe.
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                                childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                i = childrenCount - 1;
                            }

                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }

                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }

                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }

                            // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                            // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                        }
                        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                    }

                    if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                        // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                        // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                        newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                        while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                            newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                        }
                        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Dispatch to touch targets.
            if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
            if (canceled
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                resetTouchState();
            } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
                final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
            }
        }

        if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
        }
        return handled;
    }

这段代码比较多了，其实我也看不下去……，所以这里我直接结合流程图，给出结论吧：

1）ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法，如果其OnTouchListener没有被设置，则默认会去调用它的onInterceptTouchEvent()方法。如果设置了OnTouchListener，则会屏蔽掉onTouchEvent事件。（关于OnTouchListener和OnTouchEvent会在文末讲解）

2）如果返回结果为true，说明事件自行消费，例如设置了OnTouchListener，则终止传递。

3）返回false意味着事件没人处理，则回溯给Activity的onTouchEvent进行处理。

3##

下面进入ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent()方法：

    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.isFromSource(InputDevice.SOURCE_MOUSE)
                && ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                && ev.isButtonPressed(MotionEvent.BUTTON_PRIMARY)
                && isOnScrollbarThumb(ev.getX(), ev.getY())) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

只有ViewGroup中有此方法，View中没有。它的作用时判断“是否拦截事件”。

1）默认情况是返回false，也就是不拦截，并将事件传递给子View的dispatchTouchEvent()。

2）返回true意味着拦截此事件，并将事件分发给自己的onTouchEvent。

4##

下面进入ViewGroup的onTouchEvent()方法：

1）返回true，说明消费该事件，传递终止。

2）返回false，意味着不消费该事件，将事件传递给子View的dispatchTouchEvent()进行分发。

5##

View没有interceptTouchEvent()方法，因为它下面已经没有View了，不需要进行拦截。

1)与ViewGroup的此方法一样，如果自己不消费，默认情况下是传递给该View的onTouchEvent进行事件处理。

2）返回true，说明被自己消费，终止传递。

3）返回false说明该View不进行处理，回溯给父View的onTouchEvent()方法。

6##

如果View能接受到事件，那么它的onTouchEvent()方法将是最后被调用的，它的事件处理规则与ViewGroup的是一样的：

1）返回true，说明自行处理，传递结束。

2）返回false，意味着不处理该事件，回溯给上一级View的onTouchEvent()方法处理。

onTouchEvent与onTouchListener##

1、onTouchEvent是基于回调的，onTouchListener基于监听。

2、onTouchListener的优先级高于onTouchEvent，如果onTouchListener被调用，且返回true，则onTouchEvent不会被执行，如果返回false，onTouchEvent则会被执行。