Swift-基础
2019-04-16 本文已影响2人
勇敢的_心_
知识点
宏定义
无参数宏:
//oc中的宏定义
#define kIOS7 [UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion.doubleValue>=7.0 ? 1 :0
#define kIOS8 [UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion.doubleValue>=8.0 ? 1 :0
#define kScreenHeight [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height
#define kScreenWidth [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width
//转换成swift的写法
let kIOS7 = Double(UIDevice().systemVersion)>=7.0 ? 1 :0
let kIOS8 = Double(UIDevice().systemVersion)>=8.0 ? 1 :0
let kScreenHeight = UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.height
let kScreenWidth = UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.width
有参数的宏:
//oc写法
#define RGBCOLOR(r,g,b) [UIColor colorWithRed:(r)/255.0 green:(g)/255.0 blue:(b)/255.0 alpha:1]
//swift中的写法
func RGBCOLOR(r:CGFloat,_ g:CGFloat,_ b:CGFloat) -> UIColor
{
return UIColor(red: (r)/255.0, green: (g)/255.0, blue: (b)/255.0, alpha: 1.0)
}
页面跳转
window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)
let homeVC = HomeViewController()
let nav = UINavigationController(rootViewController : homeVC)
window?.rootViewController = nav
window?.makeKeyAndVisible()
// present方式
let assetsViewController = AssetsViewController()
present(assetsViewController, animated: true, completion: nil)
// dismiss返回
dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
// push方式
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(AssetsViewController(), animated: true)
// pop返回
self.navigationController?.popViewController(animated: true)
字符串
1.遍历字符串
let str = "hello world"
for c in str.characters{
print(c)
}
2.拼接字符串
let str1 = "hello"
let str2 = "world"
let str3 = str1+str2
let info = "my name is\(str)"
3.字符串截取
let header = (str as NSString).substring(to: 3)
let body = (str as NSString).substring(with:NSRange(location:4,length:3))
let bodyy = (str as NSString).substring(from: 4)
控件
UILabel
let label = UILabel(frame:CGRect(x:10, y:20, width:300, height:100))
label.text = "hangge.com"
self.view.addSubview(label)
背景颜色和文字颜色的设置
label.textColor = UIColor.white //白色文字
label.backgroundColor = UIColor.black //黑色背景
对齐方式的设置
label.textAlignment = .right//文字右对齐
文字阴影的设置
label.shadowColor = UIColor.gray //灰色阴影
label.shadowOffset = CGSize(width:1.5, height:1.5) //阴影的偏移量
字体的设置
label.font = UIFont(name:"Zapfino", size:20)
文字过长时的省略方式
label.lineBreakMode = .byTruncatingTail //隐藏尾部并显示省略号
label.lineBreakMode = .byTruncatingMiddle //隐藏中间部分并显示省略号
label.lineBreakMode = .byTruncatingHead //隐藏头部并显示省略号
label.lineBreakMode = .byClipping //截去多余部分也不显示省略号
文字大小自适应标签宽度
label.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true //当文字超出标签宽度时,自动调整文字大小,使其不被截断
使标签可以显示多行文字
label.numberOfLines = 2 //显示两行文字(默认只显示一行,设为0表示没有行数限制)
设置文本高亮
//设置文本高亮
label.isHighlighted = true
//设置文本高亮颜色
label.highlightedTextColor = UIColor.green
富文本设置
//富文本设置
let attributeString = NSMutableAttributedString(string:"感谢18888位用户的信任,累积交易额达\n 22222266666元")
// 颜色 attributeString.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.foregroundColor, value: UIColor.red,range: NSMakeRange(2,5))
// 大小
attributeString.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.font, value: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 16), range: NSMakeRange(20,13))
Label.attributedText = attributeString
UIImageView
let imageView = UIImageView(image:UIImage(named:"image1"))
imageView.frame = CGRect(x:10, y:30, width:300, height:150)
self.view.addSubview(imageView)
改变图片
imageView.image = UIImage(named:"icon2")
从文件目录中获取图片
let path = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "ball", ofType: "png")
let newImage = UIImage(contentsOfFile: path!)
let imageView = UIImageView(image:newImage)
self.view.addSubview(imageView)
从网络地址获取图片
//定义URL对象
let url = URL(string: "http://hangge.com/blog/images/logo.png")
//从网络获取数据流
let data = try! Data(contentsOf: url!)
//通过数据流初始化图片
let newImage = UIImage(data: data)
let imageView = UIImageView(image:newImage);
self.view.addSubview(imageView)
保持图片比例 :
imageView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFit
使用图像控件实现动画播放
UIImageView 中提供了存储多张图片来创建动画的功能,具体做法是,在 animationImages 属性中设置一个图片数组,然后使用 startAnimating 方法开始动画,最后用 stopAnimating 方法停止动画。同时,使用 animationDuration 属性中可以设置动画每帧切换的速度(秒)。
var imageView:UIImageView!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
imageView = UIImageView()
imageView.frame=CGRect(x:20, y:20, width:100, height:100)
//设置动画图片
imageView.animationImages = [UIImage(named:"icon1")!,UIImage(named:"icon2")!]
//设置每隔0.5秒变化一次
imageView.animationDuration=0.5
self.view.addSubview(imageView)
}
override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
super.viewWillAppear(animated)
imageView.startAnimating()
}
override func viewWillDisappear(_ animated: Bool) {
super.viewWillAppear(animated)
imageView.stopAnimating()
}
UIButton
按钮有下面四种类型:
UIButtonType.system:前面不带图标,默认文字颜色为蓝色,有触摸时的高亮效果
UIButtonType.custom:定制按钮,前面不带图标,默认文字颜色为白色,无触摸时的高亮效果
UIButtonType.contactAdd:前面带“+”图标按钮,默认文字颜色为蓝色,有触摸时的高亮效果
UIButtonType.detailDisclosure:前面带“!”图标按钮,默认文字颜色为蓝色,有触摸时的高亮效果
UIButtonType.infoDark:为感叹号“!”圆形按钮
UIButtonType.infoLight:为感叹号“!”圆形按钮
//创建一个ContactAdd类型的按钮
let button:UIButton = UIButton(type:.contactAdd)
//设置按钮位置和大小
button.frame = CGRect(x:10, y:150, width:100, height:30)
//设置按钮文字
button.setTitle("按钮", for:.normal)
self.view.addSubview(button)
对于Custom定制类型按钮,代码可简化为:
let button = UIButton(frame:CGRect(x:10, y:150, width:100, height:30))
按钮的文字设置
button.setTitle("普通状态", for:.normal) //普通状态下的文字
button.setTitle("触摸状态", for:.highlighted) //触摸状态下的文字
button.setTitle("禁用状态", for:.disabled) //禁用状态下的文字
按钮文字颜色的设置
button.setTitleColor(UIColor.black, for: .normal) //普通状态下文字的颜色
button.setTitleColor(UIColor.green, for: .highlighted) //触摸状态下文字的颜色
button.setTitleColor(UIColor.gray, for: .disabled) //禁用状态下文字的颜色
按钮文字阴影颜色的设置
button.setTitleShadowColor(UIColor.green, for:.normal) //普通状态下文字阴影的颜色
button.setTitleShadowColor(UIColor.yellow, for:.highlighted) //普通状态下文字阴影的颜色
button.setTitleShadowColor(UIColor.gray, for:.disabled) //普通状态下文字阴影的颜色
按钮文字的字体和大小设置
button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 11)
按钮背景颜色设置
button.backgroundColor = UIColor.black
按钮文字图标的设置 :
默认情况下按钮会被渲染成单一颜色
button.setImage(UIImage(named:"icon1"),forState:.Normal) //设置图标
button.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted=false //使触摸模式下按钮也不会变暗(半透明)
button.adjustsImageWhenDisabled=false //使禁用模式下按钮也不会变暗(半透明)
也可以设置成保留图标原来的颜色
let iconImage = UIImage(named:"icon2")?.withRenderingMode(.alwaysOriginal)
button.setImage(iconImage, for:.normal) //设置图标
button.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false //使触摸模式下按钮也不会变暗(半透明)
button.adjustsImageWhenDisabled = false //使禁用模式下按钮也不会变暗(半透明)
设置按钮背景图片:
button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named:"bg1"), for:.normal)
按钮触摸点击事件响应:
//不传递触摸对象(即点击的按钮)
button.addTarget(self, action:#selector(tapped), for:.touchUpInside)
func tapped(){
print("tapped")
}
//传递触摸对象(即点击的按钮),需要在定义action参数时,方法名称后面带上冒号
button.addTarget(self, action:#selector(tapped(_:)), for:.touchUpInside)
func tapped(_ button:UIButton){
print(button.title(for: .normal))
}
touchDown:单点触摸按下事件,点触屏幕
touchDownRepeat:多点触摸按下事件,点触计数大于1,按下第2、3或第4根手指的时候
touchDragInside:触摸在控件内拖动时
touchDragOutside:触摸在控件外拖动时
touchDragEnter:触摸从控件之外拖动到内部时
touchDragExit:触摸从控件内部拖动到外部时
touchUpInside:在控件之内触摸并抬起事件
touchUpOutside:在控件之外触摸抬起事件
touchCancel:触摸取消事件,即一次触摸因为放上太多手指而被取消,或者电话打断
按钮文字太长时的处理方法:
默认情况下,如果按钮文字太长超过按钮尺寸,则会省略中间的文字。比如下面代码:
let button = UIButton(frame:CGRect(x:20, y:50, width:130, height:50))
button.setTitle("这个是一段 very 长的文字", for:.normal) //普通状态下的文字
button.setTitleColor(UIColor.white, for: .normal) //普通状态下文字的颜色
button.backgroundColor = UIColor.orange
self.view.addSubview(button)
//省略尾部文字
button.titleLabel?.lineBreakMode = .byTruncatingTail
UIAlertController
// 弹出
let alertController = UIAlertController(title:"联系方式",message:"185-5242-8862",preferredStyle: .alert)
let cancelAction = UIAlertAction(title: "取消", style: .cancel, handler: nil)
let okAction = UIAlertAction(title: "确定", style: .default, handler:{
(UIAlertAction) -> Void in
print("点击确定事件")
})
alertController.addAction(cancelAction)
alertController.addAction(okAction)
self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
// 上滑
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "保存或删除数据", message: "删除数据将不可恢复",
preferredStyle: .actionSheet)
let cancelAction = UIAlertAction(title: "取消", style: .cancel, handler: nil)
let deleteAction = UIAlertAction(title: "删除", style: .destructive, handler: nil)
let archiveAction = UIAlertAction(title: "保存", style: .default, handler: nil)
alertController.addAction(cancelAction)
alertController.addAction(deleteAction)
alertController.addAction(archiveAction)
self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
//按钮使用“告警”样式
let okAction = UIAlertAction(title: "好的", style: .destructive, handler: nil)
//添加任意数量文本输入框
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "系统登录",
message: "请输入用户名和密码", preferredStyle: .alert)
alertController.addTextField {
(textField: UITextField!) -> Void in
textField.placeholder = "用户名"
}
alertController.addTextField {
(textField: UITextField!) -> Void in
textField.placeholder = "密码"
textField.isSecureTextEntry = true
}
let cancelAction = UIAlertAction(title: "取消", style: .cancel, handler: nil)
let okAction = UIAlertAction(title: "好的", style: .default, handler: {
action in
//也可以用下标的形式获取textField let login = alertController.textFields![0]
let login = alertController.textFields!.first!
let password = alertController.textFields!.last!
print("用户名:\(login.text) 密码:\(password.text)")
})
alertController.addAction(cancelAction)
alertController.addAction(okAction)
self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
// 使用代码移除提示框
self.presentedViewController?.dismiss(animated: false, completion: nil)
// 提示框弹出后,过段时间自动移除
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "保存成功!",
message: nil, preferredStyle: .alert)
self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
//两秒钟后自动消失
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + 2) {
self.presentedViewController?.dismiss(animated: false, completion: nil)
}
UITableView
// tableView
let tableView = UITableView(frame:UIScreen.main.bounds)
tableView.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGray
tableView.dataSource = self
tableView.delegate = self
tableView.register(UINib (nibName: "HomeCell", bundle: nil), forCellReuseIdentifier: "HomeCell")
view.addSubview(tableView)
// tableView-headView
let headView : UIView = UIView(frame:CGRect(x:0,y:0,width:screenW,height:120))
headView.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellow
tableView.tableHeaderView = headView
// tableView - footView
tableView.tableFooterView = UIView()
UINavigationController
let navgationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: viewC);
//设置导航栏的统一的背景色
UINavigationBar.appearance().barTintColor = UIColor.blueColor();
// 设置导航栏的背景色
navgationController.navigationBar.barTintColor = UIColor.yellowColor();
//设置导航栏的样式
navgationController.navigationBar.barStyle = UIBarStyle.BlackTranslucent;
//设置导航栏透明
navgationController.navigationBar.translucent = true;
//设置导航栏的背景图
navgationController.navigationBar.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: ""), forBarMetrics: UIBarMetrics.Default);
//获取控制器中最顶端的视图
let topViewC = self.navigationController?.topViewController;
//获取控制器当前显示的视图
let currentViewC = self.navigationController?.visibleViewController;
//获取当前控制器所有的子视图
let viewAarray = self.navigationController?.viewControllers;
//设置prompt属性,主要是用来做一些提醒,比如网络请求,数据加载等等
self.navigationItem.prompt = "正在加载数据";
//不用时,将prompt属性置为nil即可,自带动画效果哦
self.navigationItem.prompt = nil;
1,签订代理
self.navigationController?.delegate = self;
2,常用代理方法
1):视图控制器将要显示时调用
func navigationController(navigationController: UINavigationController, willShowViewController viewController: UIViewController, animated: Bool) {
}
2):视图控制器已经显示时调用
func navigationController(navigationController: UINavigationController, didShowViewController viewController: UIViewController, animated: Bool) {
}
四:自定义navigationBarItem
navigationItem常用的属性
//自定义左侧一个按钮时使用
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem
//自定义左侧多个按钮时使用
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItems
//自定义右侧一个按钮时使用
self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem
//自定义右侧多个按钮时使用
self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems
//中间显示的标题文字
self.navigationItem.title
//自定义中间部分标题视图时使用
self.navigationItem.titleView
例如:
let item = UIBarButtonItem(title: "done", style: UIBarButtonItemStyle.Done, target: self, action: "done:");
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = item;
UIBarButtonItem有三种创建方式
1):带标题的
public convenience init(title: String?, style: UIBarButtonItemStyle, target: AnyObject?, action: Selector)
2):带图片的
public convenience init(image: UIImage?, landscapeImagePhone: UIImage?, style: UIBarButtonItemStyle, target: AnyObject?, action: Selector)
3:带自定义视图的
public convenience init(customView: UIView)
实例
UITableView
1.xib创建cell:
import UIKit
class HomeViewController: UIViewController,UITableViewDataSource,UITableViewDelegate {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
configHomeViewControllerUI()
print("who are you ")
}
func configHomeViewControllerUI(){
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.green
let tableView = UITableView(frame:UIScreen.main.bounds)
tableView.dataSource = self
tableView.delegate = self
tableView.register(UINib (nibName: "HomeCell", bundle: nil), forCellReuseIdentifier: "HomeCell")
view.addSubview(tableView)
tableView.tableFooterView = UIView()
}
func numberOfSections(in tableView: UITableView) -> Int {
return 1
}
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
return 12
}
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
let cell : HomeCell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "HomeCell") as! HomeCell
cell.name.text = "hello homecell"
return cell
}
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, didSelectRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
print("present VC")
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(AssetsViewController(), animated: true)
}
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, heightForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGFloat {
return 60
}
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
}
2.自带cell样式:
import UIKit
class AssetsViewController: UIViewController,UITableViewDataSource,UITableViewDelegate {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
configAssetsViewControllerUI()
}
func configAssetsViewControllerUI(){
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.orange
let tableView = UITableView(frame :UIScreen.main.bounds)
tableView.dataSource = self
tableView.delegate = self
view.addSubview(tableView)
}
func numberOfSections(in tableView: UITableView) -> Int {
return 1
}
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
return 15
}
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
let initIdentifier = "AssetsCell"
let cell = UITableViewCell(style:UITableViewCellStyle.subtitle,reuseIdentifier:initIdentifier)
cell.textLabel?.text = "who are you ?\(indexPath.row)"
cell.detailTextLabel?.text = "Kitty"
return cell
}
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
}