Android 事件分发机制

2019-03-06  本文已影响6人  jxiang112

很多Android开发者,对事件分发的流程都有大致了解。但很多人都只是停留在diaptchTouchEvent->onInterceptTouchEvent->onTouch->onTouchEvent这样的流程。
那么问题来了:
1、对应用来说,事件的起始位置从哪里开始?
2、事件的分发的整体流程是?
3、怎么样响应触摸事件?怎么不响应触摸事件?
4、嵌套的view,父级要求响应垂直滑动,子级要求响应水平滑动,如何实现?
下面我们对这些问题进行一一剖析:

1、对应用来说,事件的起始位置从哪里开始?

有的人说时候从Activity开始,那么事件又是怎么传到Activity的呢?估计很多人在被问到这个问题的时候都一脸懵逼,确实对我们应用开发者来说事件貌似是从Activity开始,最终也是传到Activity进行分发,或许我们只要关注Activity就可以了。但是对于应用而言,事情其实位置是从ViewRootImpl的dispatchInputEvent开始的,而从哪里进入到ViewRootImpl的dispatchInputEvent呢?目前初步查了网上的资源,大多都说是从硬件底层而来,我也查了ActivityThread、PhoneWindow没有发现调用ViewRootImpl的dispatchInputEvent的地方,所以我们先估摸这是从硬件底层调用了ViewRootImpl的dispatchInputEvent方法。(如果有知道的朋友还望指点一二)

2、事件的分发的整体流程是?

步骤一中分析了事件分发的起始位置,那么我们从这个起始位置开始一一分析:

public void dispatchInputEvent(InputEvent event) {
        //调用重载方法进行分发事件
        dispatchInputEvent(event, null);
    }

    public void dispatchInputEvent(InputEvent event, InputEventReceiver receiver) {
        //切换到UI线程处理事件
        SomeArgs args = SomeArgs.obtain();
        args.arg1 = event;
        args.arg2 = receiver;
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_DISPATCH_INPUT_EVENT, args);
        msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

dispatchInputEvent的工作主要是切换到UI线程进行分发事件,我们看下MSG_DISPATCH_INPUT_EVENT的分支实现:

case MSG_DISPATCH_INPUT_EVENT: {
                    SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) msg.obj;
                    InputEvent event = (InputEvent) args.arg1;
                    InputEventReceiver receiver = (InputEventReceiver) args.arg2;
                    //调用enqueueInputEvent将事件加入队列中排队处理
                    enqueueInputEvent(event, receiver, 0, true);
                    args.recycle();
                } break;

enqueueInputEvent的实现还是比较简单的,先看下其实现:

void enqueueInputEvent(InputEvent event,
            InputEventReceiver receiver, int flags, boolean processImmediately) {
        adjustInputEventForCompatibility(event);
        //将事件包装成QueuedInputEvent 对象
        QueuedInputEvent q = obtainQueuedInputEvent(event, receiver, flags);
        QueuedInputEvent last = mPendingInputEventTail;
        //将事件加入队列的队尾中
        if (last == null) {
            mPendingInputEventHead = q;
            mPendingInputEventTail = q;
        } else {
            last.mNext = q;
            mPendingInputEventTail = q;
        }
        mPendingInputEventCount += 1;
        Trace.traceCounter(Trace.TRACE_TAG_INPUT, mPendingInputEventQueueLengthCounterName,
                mPendingInputEventCount);

        if (processImmediately) {
            //因为我们已经在Ui线程,所以立即处理事件
            doProcessInputEvents();
        } else {
           //非UI线程,切换到UI线程,最终调用doProcessInputEvents进行事件处理
            scheduleProcessInputEvents();
        }
    }

enqueueInputEvent的核心工作是将事件包装成QueuedInputEvent ,再加入队列的末尾,最后调用doProcessInputEvents处理事件,我们接着看doProcessInputEvents的实现:

void doProcessInputEvents() {
        // Deliver all pending input events in the queue.
        while (mPendingInputEventHead != null) {
            //遍历事件队列
            //取出队列头部
            QueuedInputEvent q = mPendingInputEventHead;
          
            mPendingInputEventHead = q.mNext;
            if (mPendingInputEventHead == null) {
                mPendingInputEventTail = null;
            }
            q.mNext = null;

            mPendingInputEventCount -= 1;
            Trace.traceCounter(Trace.TRACE_TAG_INPUT, mPendingInputEventQueueLengthCounterName,
                    mPendingInputEventCount);

            long eventTime = q.mEvent.getEventTimeNano();
            long oldestEventTime = eventTime;
            if (q.mEvent instanceof MotionEvent) {
                MotionEvent me = (MotionEvent)q.mEvent;
                if (me.getHistorySize() > 0) {
                    oldestEventTime = me.getHistoricalEventTimeNano(0);
                }
            }
            mChoreographer.mFrameInfo.updateInputEventTime(eventTime, oldestEventTime);
            //对事件进行分发
            deliverInputEvent(q);
        }
        //...省略
    }

doProcessInputEvents的核心工作是遍历事件队列,取出一个一个事件通过deliverInputEvent方法进行分发,我们看下deliverInputEvent方法的实现:

private void deliverInputEvent(QueuedInputEvent q) {
        //...省略
        InputStage stage;
        if (q.shouldSendToSynthesizer()) {
            stage = mSyntheticInputStage;
        } else {
            stage = q.shouldSkipIme() ? mFirstPostImeInputStage : mFirstInputStage;
        }
      
        //...省略
        if (stage != null) {
            handleWindowFocusChanged();
            //使用InputStage进行分发
            stage.deliver(q);
        } else {
            finishInputEvent(q);
        }
    }

deliverInputEvent使用InputStage进行事件的分发,而InputStage是个抽象类,其有很多实现类,其中处理Touch事件是ViewPostImeInputStage,所以最终是由ViewPostImeInputStage进行分发的。而InputStage在分发事件是,使用了模板设计模式,我们先看下InputStage的deliver方法的实现:

public final void deliver(QueuedInputEvent q) {
            if ((q.mFlags & QueuedInputEvent.FLAG_FINISHED) != 0) {
                forward(q);
            } else if (shouldDropInputEvent(q)) {
                //事件已结束
                finish(q, false);
            } else {
               //事件处理
                apply(q, onProcess(q));
            }
        }

ViewPostImeInputStage重载了onProcess方法,我们看下其实现:

protected int onProcess(QueuedInputEvent q) {
            if (q.mEvent instanceof KeyEvent) {
                //按键事件
                return processKeyEvent(q);
            } else {
                final int source = q.mEvent.getSource();
                if ((source & InputDevice.SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) != 0) {
                    //点击、touch事件
                    return processPointerEvent(q);
                } else if ((source & InputDevice.SOURCE_CLASS_TRACKBALL) != 0) {
                    return processTrackballEvent(q);
                } else {
                    return processGenericMotionEvent(q);
                }
            }
        }

onProcess方法针对不同的时间调用不同的方法进行处理相应的逻辑,而我们目前分析的是touch事件,所以我们看下processPointerEvent的实现:

private int processPointerEvent(QueuedInputEvent q) {
            final MotionEvent event = (MotionEvent)q.mEvent;

            //...省略
            boolean handled = mView.dispatchPointerEvent(event);
            //...省略
        }

processPointerEvent的核心调用了mView的dispatchPointerEvent进行touch事件的分发,而mView是DecorView,至于为什么是DecorView可以查看Android View绘制流程,这篇文章有说明。
这里分析到了调用DecorView的dispatchPointerEvent,而DecorView并没有重写dispatchPointerEvent,其父类FrameLayout-》ViewGroup也没有重写,所以我们进入View的dispatchPointerEvent实现:

public final boolean dispatchPointerEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        if (event.isTouchEvent()) {
            //是触摸touch事件
            return dispatchTouchEvent(event);
        } else {
            //非触摸touch事件
            return dispatchGenericMotionEvent(event);
        }
    }

View的dispatchPointerEvent有调用dispatchTouchEvent,而DecorView重写了dispatchTouchEvent,我们看下DecorView的dispatchTouchEvent实现:

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        final Window.Callback cb = mWindow.getCallback();
        return cb != null && !mWindow.isDestroyed() && mFeatureId < 0
                ? cb.dispatchTouchEvent(ev) : super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }

DecorView的dispatchTouchEvent有调用window.callback对象的dispatchTouchEvent。而window的callback对象其实是activity,是在activity的attch方法中将activity设置为window的callback,这里不具体展开说明。
第一阶段已经剖析完。

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            //屏保阶段用于响应按键的输入
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        //调用window的superDispatchTouchEvent方法
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        //如果window的并不拦截消耗事件,则传递给Activity的onTouchEvent进行处理
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

Activity dispatchTouchEvent的核心思想是:将事件分发给window,如果window拦截消耗事件,则完成事件的分发;如果window不拦截消耗事件,则将事件传递给Activity的onTouchEvent进行处理。
其中window的实现类是PhoneWindow,我们来看下PhoneWindow的superDispatchTouchEvent:

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

Window的superDispatchTouchEvent又调用DecorView的superDispatchTouchEvent,我们继续看下DecorView的superDispatchTouchEvent:

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

DecorView的superDispatchTouchEvent调用的是父类的dispatchTouchEvent,其父类FrameLayout没有重写dispatchTouchEvent,所以进入的是ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent。
第二阶段剖析完。

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
      //...省略
      if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                //down事件或者已经有子view要拦截消耗事件
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    //判断是否要拦截消耗事件
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                //不是down事件并且没有子view要拦截消耗事件,则代表自己处理
                intercepted = true;
            }

      if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
          //事件没有取消并且事件没有被当前view拦截
          final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        //获取事件相对屏幕的坐标位置
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        //构建按Z坐标排序的子view列表
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        //子view列表
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            //遍历子view列表
                            //获取子view的坐标
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            //根据坐标获取子view
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);

                            //...省略
                            //将事件传递分发给子view
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                //如果子view拦截消耗事件
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                //保存坐标、子view
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
      }
      if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                //没有子view拦截消耗事件,则分发给自己进行处理
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                //遍历事件触摸点对应的view进行分发
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }
}

上面的代码,如果将事件分发给子view时,调用dispatchTransformedTouchEvent进行分发;如果自己拦截消耗事件或者子view不拦截消耗此事件,那么也是调用dispatchTransformedTouchEvent进行分发,只是此时传递的child为空,我们看下dispatchTransformedTouchEvent的实现:

private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        //child为空代表自己拦截消费或者子view不拦截消费
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            if (child == null) {
                //自己处理此事件
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
                //将事件分发给子view
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }

       //...省略
        final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
        if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
            //代表事件被当前的child处理
            if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                if (child == null) {
                    //自己处理此事件
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                    //将事件分发给子view
                    //计算相对父控件的位置
                    final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                    final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                    event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);

                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

                    event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                }
                return handled;
            }
            transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
        } else {
            transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
        }
        //...省略
        return handled;
    }

dispatchTransformedTouchEvent的工作是将事件交给自己处理或者分发给子view。
ViewGroup进行进行事件分发时,其核心思想是:
1、 调用onInterceptTouchEvent判断自己是否要拦截消耗此事件
2、 如果自己不拦截消耗事件,则遍历子view列表,根据事件坐标找到对应的子view,然后将事件分发给此view,如果此子view是ViewGroup,那么又走ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent逻辑;如果此子view是View,那么进入第四阶段
3、如果自己拦截消耗事件那么调用父类的dispatchTouchEvent,其父类是View,而View的事件分发dispathcTouchEvent请看第四阶段

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
       //...省略
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
           //...省略
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                    && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                //如果当前view enable并且设置了onTouchListener,且此onTouchListener消耗了此事件
                result = true;
            }
            //没有设置onTouchListener,且onTouchListener不消耗此事件,则将事件传给onTouchEvent
            if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }
        //...省略
        return result;
    }

View的dispatchTouchEvent优先将事件传递给onTouchListener,如果onTouchListener消耗此事件,则直接放回true;如果没有设置onTouchListener或者onTouchListener没有消耗此事件,则将事件传递给onTouchEvent,我们接着看onTouchEvent的实现:

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        //...省略
        //判断是否可点击
        final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
                || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
                || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
      
        if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
            //如果此view disabled,则不响应此事件并返回clickable值
            if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
                setPressed(false);
            }
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
            // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
            // events, it just doesn't respond to them.
            return clickable;
        }
        if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
            //设置了touch代理
            if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
                //touch代理消耗了此事件,则返回true
                return true;
            }
        }

        if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
            //当前view可点击或者可以显示工具提示或者允许长按
            //工具提示就是长按时在其顶部或者底部弹出的菜单工具栏
            switch (action) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    //松开事件
                    mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
                    if ((viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
                        //弹出工具提示栏
                        handleTooltipUp();
                    }
                    if (!clickable) {
                        //不可点击,移除相关的消息callback
                        removeTapCallback();
                        removeLongPressCallback();
                        mInContextButtonPress = false;
                        mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
                        mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
                        break;
                    }
                    boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
                    if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                       //...省略
                                if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                    mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                                }
                                //响应点击事件
                                if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                    performClickInternal();
                                }
                           //...省略
                        }

                       //...省略
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    //按下事件
                    if (event.getSource() == InputDevice.SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN) {
                        mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
                    }
                    mHasPerformedLongPress = false;

                    if (!clickable) {
                        //不可点击
                        //检验是否可以响应长按事件,如果可以那么延迟500ms响应长按事件
                        checkForLongClick(0, x, y);
                        break;
                    }

                    if (performButtonActionOnTouchDown(event)) {
                        break;
                    }

                     //...省略
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                    //事件已经取消
                    //...省略
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                    //事件移动中
                   //...省略
                    break;
            }

            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

onTouchEvent的核心工作是:
1、先判断view是否enable,如果不enable则不响应事件,并返回clickable的值
2、如果设置了touch的代理,并且touch代理消耗了此事件则返回true代表消耗了事件
3、如果view不可点击,则返回false,代表不消耗此事件
4、如果view可点击,则返回true,代表消耗此事件。如果设置了长按事件,则在按下事件中延迟500ms响应长按事件;响应点击事件是在松开事件时响应的。

ok,Android的事件分发的整体流程就此剖析结束。

3、怎么样响应触摸事件?怎么不响应触摸事件?

要响应事件,根据View的事件分发流程可以有几种解决方案:
a、父控件拦截事件,将事件传递给view进行处理
b、自己拦截事件:

4、嵌套的view,父级要求响应垂直滑动,子级要求响应水平滑动,如何实现?

a、父级控件拦截事件,滑动时判断水平滚动距离大于垂直滑动距离,则将事件传递给子view响应水平滑动;否则父级控件自己响应垂直滑动
b、子级在onInterceptTouchEvent中判断水平滚动距离大于垂直滑动距离,则拦截消耗此事件

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