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使用Unirest发送POST请求

2019-02-19  本文已影响40人  乘风破浪的姐姐

Unirest 是一个轻量级的 HTTP 请求库,可发起 GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS 请求。支持 Node、Ruby、Java、PHP、Python、Objective-C、.NET 等多种语言。底层是基于httpclient,所以使用Unirest之前先要引入httpclient相关的依赖。

Maven项目可以直接在pom.xml文件中引入Unirest 的依赖

       <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mashape.unirest</groupId>
            <artifactId>unirest-java</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.9</version>
        </dependency>

底层是基于httpclient的,所以需要引入httpclient相关依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.6</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
     <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
     <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
     <version>4.3.6</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.json</groupId>
      <artifactId>json</artifactId>
      <version>20140107</version>
</dependency>

测试相关依赖

       <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.13.1</version>
        </dependency>

创建Post连接格式:

HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = [Unirest.post(](https://link.jianshu.com?t=http://Unirest.post()"[http://httpbin.org/post](https://link.jianshu.com?t=http://httpbin.org/post)")
.header("accept", "application/json")
.queryString("apiKey", "123")
.field("parameter", "value")
.field("foo", "bar")
.asJson();

请求
.header 请求头;
.field 添加的参数;
.queryString设置的键值对;
如果参数进行了包装,可以直接传.body();或者利用键值对的形式.field(),利用map的格式来传送参数。多个header,可以同样如此。

响应
在接收到响应Unirest以对象的形式返回结果时,对于响应细节,该对象应该始终具有与每种语言相同的键。
.getStatus() - HTTP响应状态代码(示例:200)
.getStatusText() - HTTP响应状态文本(示例:“OK”)
.getHeaders() - HTTP响应标头
.getBody() - 解析响应正文(如适用),例如JSON响应将解析为对象/关联数组。
.getRawBody() - 未解析的响应正文

注意:
使用Unirest请求的数据一般是 JsonNode,若返回类型报错,一般为String,最后得到的为.asString();
.header用了设置header的各种参数,包括token
.routeParam用于设置路径中带有参数的如{cid}之类的
.paramString用于设置get命令中 &的键值对
.field用于设置post的参数,也可以直接用一个map,.fields(prams) //prams是一个map,put了很多参数进去,和直接多个fields一样的效果
返回的结果打印一般用,response.getBody( ).getObject( ) 得到的JSON对象,之后的JSON解析出需要的内容都是以此为基础分层剥离。
返回的状态用response.getStatus(),即返回的状态码,注意有个别成功码并不一样,如前台是200,后台是302
该段引自:Http请求(unirest)

以下用一个简单的例子介绍Unirest的使用
场景:从文件中读取json报文,并将报文中的部分字段进行随机参数化。使用unirest发送post请求并将json字符串作为参数传入。最后将响应报文中的部分字段提取并输出。
这里提供testng的两种方式发送多次post请求,并保证每次请求都是一个新的实例。
费话不说了,上代码

1、在maven工程的src/main/resources下新增文件 pushClaim.txt,存放post请求内容
2、在maven工程的src/main/resources下新增prop.properties文件,用于维护请求路径,方便后期修改
claimPushFilePath = ./src/main/resources/pushClaim.txt
pushClaimUrl = http://...:8080//services/restful/claim/*

3、引入unirest相关依赖,上面有介绍,这里不再复述。
4、在maven工程的src/main/java下新增目录 com/unirest用于存放相关java类
1)新增ClaimTemp类,主要是读取prop.properties文件,并替换pushClaim.txt中json字符串中部分需要参数化的字段为指定格式

package com.unirest;

import com.sc.util.ConfigurationUtil;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration;

import java.io.*;

/**
 * Created by Sundy on 2019/2/5.
 */
public class ClaimTemp {

    public static final Configuration file = ConfigurationUtil.getCommonsPropertis("prop.properties");
    public static final String filePath = file.getString("claimPushFilePath");
    public static final String pushClaimUrl = file.getString("pushClaimUrl");
    public static final String loginUrl = file.getString("loginUrl");
    public static final String openClaimTaskUrl = file.getString("openClaimTaskUrl");

    public  String readFile() throws IOException {

        InputStream inputStream = null;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
            String aline = null;
            while((aline = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null ){
                sb.append(aline).append( "\n");
            }
        } finally  {
            if(inputStream!= null){
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        System.out.println(sb.toString()) ;
        return  sb.toString();
    }

    public String getClaimJsonStr(String userAccount,String accidentNo, String claimNo,String claimCompanyId, String lossVehicleType ,String vin)throws IOException{
        String strJson = readFile();
        String claimTemplate  =  strJson.replace("=claimCompanyId=",claimCompanyId)
                .replace("=accidentNo=",accidentNo)
                .replace("=estimator=",userAccount)
                .replace("=claimNo=",claimNo)
                .replace("=lossVehicleType=",lossVehicleType)
                .replace("=vin=",vin);
        return claimTemplate;
    }

}

2)新增ClaimJSONGenerator类,用于替代json字符串中需要参数化的字段,这里使用随机数

package com.unirest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Created by Sundy on 2019/2/5.
 */
public class ClaimJSONGenerator {
    private String accidentNo;
    private String claimNo;


    String strDate;
    String newClaimJson;
    int random;
    Date date;
    SimpleDateFormat sdf;

    public ClaimJSONGenerator() {
        date = new Date();
        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MMddhhmmssSSS");
        strDate = sdf.format(date);
        random = (int) Math.random() * 1000 + 1;
        accidentNo = "APD83_acc_" + strDate + random;
        claimNo = "APD83_claim_" + strDate + random;

    }

    public String getNewClaimJSON(String userAccount, String lossVehicleType, String vin,String claimCompanyId) throws IOException {
        ClaimTemp ct = new ClaimTemp();
        newClaimJson = ct.getClaimJsonStr(userAccount,accidentNo,claimNo,claimCompanyId,lossVehicleType,vin);

        return newClaimJson;
    }
}

3)上述提到使用testng的两种方式发送多次post请求,这里一一介绍
方法一:使用DataProvider注释

 @DataProvider(name ="pushParam")
    public Object[][] pushClaim(){
        int claimCount = 1 ;
        Object[][] objects = new Object[claimCount][];
        Random random = new Random();
        for(int i =0 ;i<claimCount;i++){
            int num = random.nextInt(999999);
            objects[i] = new Object[]{"vip","01","LSVDM49F2"+num,"2345"};
        }
        return objects;
    }

测试类

   @Test(dataProvider = "pushParam",dataProviderClass = ClaimFactory.class)
    public void testDataProvider(String account,String lossVehicleType,String vin,String claimCompanyId) throws IOException, UnirestException {
        System.out.println(account+"--------------"+lossVehicleType+"--------------"+vin+"--------------"+claimCompanyId);
        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse =  Unirest.post(ClaimTemp.pushClaimUrl)
                .header("Content-Type","application/json")
                .body(new ClaimJSONGenerator().getNewClaimJSON(account,lossVehicleType,vin,claimCompanyId))
                .asJson();

        //输出响应正文
        String s =jsonResponse.getBody().toString();
        String accidentNo = jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().get("accidentNo").toString();
        String resultCode = jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().get("resultCode").toString();

        System.out.println(s+"-----------");
        System.out.println(accidentNo+"-----------"+resultCode);
    }

方法一:使用Factory注释

import org.testng.annotations.Factory;

import java.util.Random;

public class ClaimFactory {
    @Factory
    public Object[] createInstances(){
        int claimCount = 1 ;
        Object[]objects = new Object[claimCount];
        Random random = new Random();
        for(int i =0 ;i<claimCount;i++){
            int num = random.nextInt(999999);
            String account = "vip";
            String lossVehicleType = "01";
            String vin = "LSVDM49F2"+num;
            String claimCompanyId = "2345";
            objects[i] = new UnirestApiTest(account,lossVehicleType,vin,claimCompanyId);
        }
        return objects;
    }
}
package com.unirest;

import com.mashape.unirest.http.HttpResponse;
import com.mashape.unirest.http.JsonNode;
import com.mashape.unirest.http.Unirest;
import com.mashape.unirest.http.exceptions.UnirestException;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;

public class UnirestApiTest {

    private String account;
    private String lossVehicleType;
    private String vin;
    private String claimCompanyId;
    public UnirestApiTest(String account,String lossVehicleType,String vin,String claimCompanyId ){
        this.account = account;
        this.lossVehicleType = lossVehicleType;
        this.vin = vin;
        this.claimCompanyId = claimCompanyId;
    }


    @Test
    public void testFactory() throws IOException, UnirestException {
        System.out.println(account+"--------------"+lossVehicleType+"--------------"+vin+"--------------"+claimCompanyId);
        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse =  Unirest.post(ClaimTemp.pushClaimUrl)
                .header("Content-Type","application/json")
                .body(new ClaimJSONGenerator().getNewClaimJSON(account,lossVehicleType,vin,claimCompanyId))
                .asJson();

        //输出响应正文
        String s =jsonResponse.getBody().toString();
        String accidentNo = jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().get("accidentNo").toString();
        String resultCode = jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().get("resultCode").toString();

        System.out.println(s+"-----------");
        System.out.println(accidentNo+"-----------"+resultCode);
    }
}

这种方式运行直接运行ClaimFactory 类,输出结果:


image.png
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