RxJava + Retrofit + OkHttp

OKHttp全解析系列(五) --OKHttp的缓存机制

2017-11-08  本文已影响785人  嘎啦果安卓兽

OKhttp 缓存策略

缓存的意义:
在网络请求的过程中,都要使用到缓存,缓存的意义在于,对于客户端来说,使用缓存数据能够缩短页面展示数据的时间,优化用户体验,同时降低请求网络数据的频率,避免流量浪费。对于服务端来说,使用缓存能够分解一部分服务端的压力。

在介绍OkHttp框架的缓存模块之前,先介绍一下http缓存相关的基础知识:
网络缓存类型根据缓存策略的不同主要可以分为两种类型:强制缓存与对比缓存,如下图所示


强制缓存.png

所谓强制缓存是指,请求网络数据时,如果本地存在缓存数据且缓存数据有效,则直接使用缓存数据。

对比缓存.png

对比缓存:
请求网络数据时,如果本地存在缓存数据且没有过期,先要发给服务端进行校验,来决定缓存数据是否需要更新,如果需要更新则网络端会返回新的数据,如果不需要更近则直接使用缓存数据。
在http协议中具体参数是通过head中的Last-Modified/If-Modified-Since来实现的,服务端返回Last-Modified参数,标记出资源最后修改的时间,客户端询问缓存是否过期的时候将此时间数据放入If-Modified-Since参数中,如果缓存数据可用则返回304状态码,否则直接返回接口数据以及更新后的Last-Modified参数。
除了Last-Modified/If-Modified-Since
参数外,ETag/If-None-Match参数也常被用于缓存的校验,当客户端请求数据时,服务端会返回数据以及ETag信息,ETag为资源在服务端的唯一标识,客户端再次请求数据的时候将会把标识信息放在If-None-Match参数中向服务端发起校验,如果缓存可用则返回304状态码,否则返回接口数据以及更新后的ETAG信息。

在Http协议中,有很多种缓存的规则,这些缓存规则通过head中Cache-Control的指令来决定,Cache-Control指令以及含义如下所示:


cache-control.png cache-control1.png

讲完缓存相关的基础知识后我们看一下OKhttp中如何使用缓存以及核心源码:
Okhttp 缓存的设置是比较简单的,指定缓存文件的路径以及缓存文件的最大值即可

//缓存文件夹
File cacheFile = new File(getExternalCacheDir().toString(),"cache");
//缓存大小
int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
//创建缓存对象
Cache cache = new Cache(cacheFile,cacheSize);
//设置缓存
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .cache(cache)
        .build();

缓存的策略定制需要通过cachecontrol来设置

        final CacheControl.Builder builder = new CacheControl.Builder();
        builder.maxAge(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); // 设置缓存的最大有效时间为100毫秒
        CacheControl cache = builder.build();
        final Request request = new Request.Builder().cacheControl(cache).url(requestUrl).build();
        final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);//
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e
            {                
              Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
              Log.e(TAG, "response ----->" + string);
            }
        });
        return call;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
    }

接下来我们来分析一下缓存相关的核心源码:


缓存基础.png

首先我们介绍一下相关的几个核心类,然后详细分析其中的核心代码:
CacheInterceptor:缓存拦截器,继承自拦截器接口,负责拦截处理网络请求,

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Response cacheCandidate = cache != null
        ? cache.get(chain.request())
        : null; // 首先,如果此次网络请求有缓存数据,取出缓存数据
    long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
    CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get(); // 获取缓存策略对象
    Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest; // 通过缓存策略计算的网络请求
    Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse; // 通过CacheStrategy处理得到的缓存响应数据

    if (cache != null) {
      cache.trackResponse(strategy);
    }

    if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
      closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // 缓存数据不能使用清除此缓存数据
    }

    // 如果当前网络请求不能使用(在CacheStrategy部分详细解释哪些情况为网络请求不可用)而且缓存数据也不可用,则返回网络请求错误的结果
    if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
      return new Response.Builder()
          .request(chain.request())
          .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
          .code(504)
          .message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
          .body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
          .sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)
          .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
          .build();
    }

    // 如果不需要网络请求,缓存数据可用,则直接返回缓存数据
    if (networkRequest == null) {
      return cacheResponse.newBuilder()
          .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
          .build();
    }
    // 缓存无效,则继续执行网络请求
    Response networkResponse = null;
    try {
      networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest); 
    } finally {
      // If we're crashing on I/O or otherwise, don't leak the cache body.
      if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {
        closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
      }
    }

    // If we have a cache response too, then we're doing a conditional get.
    if (cacheResponse != null) {
      if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
       // 通过服务端校验后,缓存数据可以使用,则直接返回缓存数据
        Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
            .headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
            .sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis())
            .receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis())
            .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
            .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
            .build();
        networkResponse.body().close();

        // Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
        // Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
        cache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
        cache.update(cacheResponse, response); // 更新存储的缓存数据
        return response;
      } else {
        closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
      }
    }

    Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder()
        .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
        .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
        .build();

    if (cache != null) {
      if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response) && CacheStrategy.isCacheable(response, networkRequest)) {
        // Offer this request to the cache.
        CacheRequest cacheRequest = cache.put(response);
        return cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response);
      }

      if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method())) {
        try {
          cache.remove(networkRequest);
        } catch (IOException ignored) {
          // The cache cannot be written.
        }
      }
    }
    return response;
  }

CacheStrategy类主要用于根据Http中的Cache-control协议,它根据取出来的缓存结果与当前发送的Request的header进行策略计算,得到缓存是否可用的结果。

// 策略计算需要传入request与缓存 cacheResponse来进行计算
   public Factory(long nowMillis, Request request, Response cacheResponse) {
      this.nowMillis = nowMillis;
      this.request = request;
      this.cacheResponse = cacheResponse;

      if (cacheResponse != null) {
        this.sentRequestMillis = cacheResponse.sentRequestAtMillis();
        this.receivedResponseMillis = cacheResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis();
        Headers headers = cacheResponse.headers(); //取出缓存中的head信息
        for (int i = 0, size = headers.size(); i < size; i++) {
          String fieldName = headers.name(i);
          String value = headers.value(i);
          if ("Date".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            servedDate = HttpDate.parse(value);
            servedDateString = value;
          } else if ("Expires".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            expires = HttpDate.parse(value);
          } else if ("Last-Modified".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            lastModified = HttpDate.parse(value);
            lastModifiedString = value;
          } else if ("ETag".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            etag = value;
          } else if ("Age".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            ageSeconds = HttpHeaders.parseSeconds(value, -1);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a strategy to satisfy {@code request} using the a cached response {@code response}.
     */
    public CacheStrategy get() {
      CacheStrategy candidate = getCandidate();

      if (candidate.networkRequest != null && request.cacheControl().onlyIfCached()) {
        // We're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient.
        return new CacheStrategy(null, null);
      }

      return candidate;
    }

    private CacheStrategy getCandidate() {
      // 没有缓存的情况,直接返回包含网络请求的策略结果
      if (cacheResponse == null) {
        return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
      }

      // 如果是HTTPS请求,但是缓存数据中不存在握手信息,则返回只包含网络请求的策略结果
      if (request.isHttps() && cacheResponse.handshake() == null) {
        return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
      }
      // 如果根据CacheControl参数有no-store, 缓存数据不能被存储,则不能使用此缓存
      if (!isCacheable(cacheResponse, request)) {
        return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
      }

      CacheControl requestCaching = request.cacheControl();
      // 如果缓存数据的CacheControl 有nocache指令或者需要向服务器端校验后决定是否使用缓存,则返回只包含网络请求的策略结果
           if (requestCaching.noCache() || hasConditions(request)) {
        return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
      }

      CacheControl responseCaching = cacheResponse.cacheControl();
      // 如果响应一直不会改变,则返回只有缓存响应的策略结果
      if (responseCaching.immutable()) {
        return new CacheStrategy(null, cacheResponse);
      }

      // 如果缓存在有效的时间范围内,则使用缓存
      long ageMillis = cacheResponseAge();
      long freshMillis = computeFreshnessLifetime();

      if (requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds() != -1) {
        freshMillis = Math.min(freshMillis, SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds()));
      }

      long minFreshMillis = 0;
      if (requestCaching.minFreshSeconds() != -1) {
        minFreshMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.minFreshSeconds());
      }

      long maxStaleMillis = 0;
      if (!responseCaching.mustRevalidate() && requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds() != -1) {
        maxStaleMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds());
      }

      if (!responseCaching.noCache() && ageMillis + minFreshMillis < freshMillis + maxStaleMillis) {
        Response.Builder builder = cacheResponse.newBuilder();
        if (ageMillis + minFreshMillis >= freshMillis) {
          builder.addHeader("Warning", "110 HttpURLConnection \"Response is stale\"");
        }
        long oneDayMillis = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000L;
        if (ageMillis > oneDayMillis && isFreshnessLifetimeHeuristic()) {
          builder.addHeader("Warning", "113 HttpURLConnection \"Heuristic expiration\"");
        }
        return new CacheStrategy(null, builder.build());
      }

      // Find a condition to add to the request. If the condition is satisfied, the response body
      // will not be transmitted.
      String conditionName;
      String conditionValue;
      if (etag != null) {
        conditionName = "If-None-Match";
        conditionValue = etag;
      } else if (lastModified != null) {
        conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
        conditionValue = lastModifiedString;
      } else if (servedDate != null) {
        conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
        conditionValue = servedDateString;
      } else {
        return new CacheStrategy(request, null); // No condition! Make a regular request.
      }

      Headers.Builder conditionalRequestHeaders = request.headers().newBuilder();
      Internal.instance.addLenient(conditionalRequestHeaders, conditionName, conditionValue);

      Request conditionalRequest = request.newBuilder()
          .headers(conditionalRequestHeaders.build())
          .build();
      return new CacheStrategy(conditionalRequest, cacheResponse);
    }
上一篇 下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读