iOS持久化iOS开发代码段

CoreData(一)

2016-01-05  本文已影响392人  xiaocheche

创建项目的时候勾选使用Coredata、工程里面会含有.xcdatamodeld结尾的文件。点击该文件后在右侧视图中点击Add Entity添加任意名称的实体。Coredata可以包含多个实体(Entity) 每个实体类似于数据库的一张表,每个实体包含了attribute、relationship、Fetched Properties。attribute里面保存该实体的属性,类似于关系型数据库里面的一张表里面包含各个字段。relationship用来表示每个实体之间的关系,可以是一对一和一对多。

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attribute包含了各种属性类型(type)自定义的数据类型使用Transformable类型 前提是该自定义类型遵守NSCoding协议


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注:只有当type的类型为binarydata attribute type时 如果文件内容较大可以选中该属性然后勾选Allows External Storage,这样只是保存文件的路径

1.保存数据

func saveAttribute(name: String) {
    //获取工程自动创建的managedObjectContext
    let appDelegate =
    UIApplication.sharedApplication().delegate as! AppDelegate
    
    let managedContext = appDelegate.managedObjectContext
    
    //根据"Person" key来获取创建的实体 例子中的实体名称为"Person"
    let entity =  NSEntityDescription.entityForName("Person",
    inManagedObjectContext:managedContext)
    //将数据模型与实体进行关联 An entity description is the piece that links the entity definition from your data model with an instance of NSManagedObject at runtime
    let person = NSManagedObject(entity: entity!,
    insertIntoManagedObjectContext: managedContext)
    
    //保存属性值
    person.setValue(name, forKey: "name")
    
    //save失败后抛出异常
    do {
    //将所保存的属性值全部提交保存
    try managedContext.save()
    
    people.append(person)
  } catch let error as NSError  {
    
    print("Could not save \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
    }
  }

2.读取数据

func fetchRequset() {
        
        let appDelegate =
        UIApplication.sharedApplication().delegate as! AppDelegate
        
        let managedContext = appDelegate.managedObjectContext
        
        //NSFetchRequest负责从CoreData获取数据 获取Persion的所有实体
        let fetchRequest = NSFetchRequest(entityName: "Person")
        
        //执行获取 并返回一个数组,数组包含所有的实体
        do {
            let results =
            try managedContext.executeFetchRequest(fetchRequest)
            people = results as! [NSManagedObject]
        } catch let error as NSError {
            print("Could not fetch \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
        }

    }

3.自己创建model来保存实体 xcode可以根据实体中的属性自动创建
选中要为其创建类的实体 ->Editor -> Create NSManagedObject Subclass... ,之后会自动创建两个文件 Persion.swift和Persion+CoreDataProperties.swift 如下:

Persion.swift

import Foundation
import CoreData


class Persion: NSManagedObject {

// Insert code here to add functionality to your managed object subclass

}

Persion+CoreDataProperties.swift

import Foundation
import CoreData

extension Persion {

    @NSManaged var name: String?

}

当我们添加或删除了实体里面所包含的属性,可以用上面的步骤 选中要为其创建类的实体 ->Editor -> Create NSManagedObject Subclass... 重新创建。此时会覆盖Persion+CoreDataProperties.swift里面的内容,而Persion.swift中的内容不会被覆盖。

//从plist中读取数据再将数据保存到CoreData
        let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("SampleData",
            ofType: "plist")
        let dataArray = NSArray(contentsOfFile: path!)!
        
        for dict : AnyObject in dataArray {
            
            let entity = NSEntityDescription.entityForName("Persion",
                inManagedObjectContext: managedContext)
            
            let persion = Persion(entity: entity!,
                insertIntoManagedObjectContext: managedContext)
            
            let btDict = dict as! NSDictionary
            
            persion.name = btDict["name"] as? String
            //保存颜色
            let tintColorDict = btDict["tintColor"] as? NSDictionary
            let red = dict["red"] as! NSNumber
            let green = dict["green"] as! NSNumber
            let blue = dict["blue"] as! NSNumber
    
            let color = UIColor(red: CGFloat(red)/255.0,
                                      green: CGFloat(green)/255.0,
                                        blue: CGFloat(blue)/255.0,
                                      alpha: 1)
            persion.tintColor = color
            
            //保存图片
            let imageName = btDict["imageName"] as? String
            let image = UIImage(named:imageName!)
            let photoData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image!)
            persion.photoData = photoData
        }

  //读取并保存为[Persion]数组
    let request = NSFetchRequest(entityName:"Persion")
    
    do {
      let results =
      try managedContext.executeFetchRequest(request) as! [Persion]
    } catch let error as NSError {
      print("Could not fetch \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
    }

注:
使用Coredata时也需要创建sqlite数据库,我们不对其进行操作而是通过Coredata间接对其进行操作。可以开启debug模式观看其具体操作:添加-com.apple.CoreData.SQLDebug 1

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