（二）Docker常用命令及自定义Web首页
2018-11-14 本文已影响0人
白面葫芦娃92
一、常用命令
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker --help
//常用命令：
--------------------------------------------
exec Run a command in a running container
history Show the history of an image
images List images
kill Kill one or more running containers
logs Fetch the logs of a container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
version Show the Docker version information
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 10179 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1454 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 645 [OK]
jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as p… 436 [OK]
...
...
...
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker pull nginx //拉取官方版本的nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
f17d81b4b692: Pull complete
82dca86e04c3: Downloading 11.24MB/22.2MB
82dca86e04c3: Pull complete
046ccb106982: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d59a1aa7866258751a261bae525a1842c7ff0662d4f34a355d5f36826abc0341
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker相当于一个小型的linux系统，但是它又只是一个单一的进程，可以不对外暴露端口号，如果对外暴露端口号，那也只能有一个
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker run \ //运行一个实例
--name huluwa-niginx-v1 \ //自定义一个名字
-d \ //后台运行
-p 8080:80 \ //对外暴露的端口号，对应linux的8080端口号
nginx:latest //运行的镜像名及版本
d08ffca661436d9fc676355bc52940c264e7cee62c08c56e489fb9e09e1ff538
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker ps //查看当前活动的实例
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d08ffca66143 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp huluwa-niginx-v1
[root@hadoop004 ~]# ps -ef | grep docker
root 23182 1 0 22:00 ? 00:00:07 /usr/bin/dockerd
root 23189 23182 0 22:00 ? 00:00:03 docker-containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
root 25014 23182 0 22:27 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8080 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 80
root 25021 23189 0 22:27 ? 00:00:00 docker-containerd-shim -namespace moby -workdir /var/lib/docker/containerd/daemon/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/d08ffca661436d9fc676355bc52940c264e7cee62c08c56e489fb9e09e1ff538 -address /var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock -containerd-binary /usr/bin/docker-containerd -runtime-root /var/run/docker/runtime-runc
root 25492 10525 0 22:35 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
/usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp
-host-ip 0.0.0.0 //
-host-port 8080 //linux系统的端口号
-container-ip 172.17.0.2 //docker相当于一个小型的linux系统，这就是小型系统的IP地址
-container-port 80 //docker内部的一个端口号
[root@hadoop004 ~]# netstat -nlp |grep 8080
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 25014/docker-proxy
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker images //查看所有的镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 62f816a209e6 7 days ago 109MB
mysql 5.6 a46c2a2722b9 2 weeks ago 256MB
hello-world latest 4ab4c602aa5e 2 months ago 1.84kB
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker ps -a //查看所有实例，不论什么状态
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9883abaaad85 mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp huluwa-mysql-v5
34fb53521694 mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" About an hour ago Created huluwa-mysql-v4
2a5c95f3c043 mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago huluwa-mysql-v3
84e65fd24271 mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago huluwa-mysql-v2
b3c12bcb28eb mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago huluwa-mysqlv1
c7937fd85596 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago huluwa-niginx-v2
d08ffca66143 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago huluwa-niginx-v1
77a890ae6b8c hello-world "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago elastic_ritchie
正在运行的status就是Up，已经关闭的status就是Exited
二、自定义首页
1.登录初始的nginx Web页面
2.通过index.html配置一个自定义的首页
[root@hadoop004 html]# pwd
/root/docker/nginx/html
[root@hadoop004 html]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 Nov 13 23:09 index.html
3.将本地的html文件挂载到container中
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker run \
--name huluwa-niginx-v2 \
-v /root/docker/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro \ //本地的/root/docker/nginx/html和容器里的/usr/share/nginx/html建立一个映射，将本地的文件夹挂载到容器里
-d \
-p 8082:80 \
nginx:latest
c7937fd855963c7cca831d495436881a16e7e9befa61288cb28e2ab8b986decf
[root@hadoop004 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c7937fd85596 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8082->80/tcp huluwa-niginx-v2
d08ffca66143 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp huluwa-niginx-v1
77a890ae6b8c hello-world "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago elastic_ritchie
发现首页已经被置换为本地文件中的index.html文件
-v 把本地文件或文件夹挂载到容器中
挂载的目的，就是把容器中的数据保存在本地，容器进程移除后之后，数据不会丢失，如果不挂载的话，容器进程挂掉之后，数据就全没有了
ro：可读
rw：可读写
