L10 U2 Dealing with change

Module 1 Putting change in perspective

1. Traditional values

推论：做推论是一个很关键的阅读技巧。如果你不能推论出作者的意图，那么对于全文就可能理解不全面。这里是一些做推论的技巧。

1.使用图表。
你将要读到的文章中有一张20世纪50年代美国家庭主妇的图像。以下是一些你有可能做出的推论：

• 上世纪50年代的家庭主妇是怎么生活的？
• 上世纪50年代的两性关系。
• 上世纪50年代至今两性关系发生了什么变化。

2. Go from parts to the whole.
   从理解每个句子的中心意思开始，再结合各个句子的中心意思推断整个段落的中心思想。最后结合每段的段落大意更全面地理解整篇文章。

3.用主题句和过渡词作为提示。
文中你将读到其中一段的主题句为'是时代变了还是他们变了？'从这句话你可以推断出作者想要：

• 比较过去和现在。
• 不认为事情的变化有我们想的那么大。

4.寻找关键性的习惯用语。
文中你将看到一段表达，'他是家里的国王。' 从这句可以猜出作者对于20世纪50年代的丈夫们的态度。

5.谨防不合逻辑的推论。
不要仅从一句话来推断作者的总体观点——通读全文再作结论。比如问句'这是女权主义的终结吗？' 有可能暗示作者认为女权主义已经不复存在了。但当你继续读下文就会发现作者有着更为复杂的观点。

---

Read the opinion piece about gender roles in 1950s America:

It was 1950s America, and wives were expected to stay home and take care of the children. The traditional role: clean house, cook dinner, wash and iron the family's clothes. Most important, the wife was expected to cater to her husband's every need.

He was the king of the house. He knew how to make all the right decisions. He was strong, protecting the woman and children. He worked hard and was supposed to bring home a big salary to support his family.

Times have changed – or have they? Recent research suggests that more men and women these days appreciate traditional values. For example, some women still want a man who brings home plenty of money, whereas men don't always care if a woman is financially independent. Most women aren't interested in a husband who stays at home and takes care of the children, but many men do appreciate a woman who can cook and is a great mother.

Is this the death of feminism? Or perhaps this is simply the 'new' feminism, where a woman can be a mother, wife and have a career but still expects her husband to earn good money and do his fair share.

---

2. Changing values

谈论不断变化的价值
这是一些用来谈论我们现代社会不断变化的价值的单词和表达方式。

• My father is very old-fashioned. He always opens the door for my mother.我的爸爸很老派。他总是为我妈妈开门。
• My brother has a very traditional view of women.我的兄弟对女人的看法很传统。
• The children were very courteous with their grandparents.孩子们对他们的祖父母很有礼貌。
• There is a big generational difference in the use of technology.在科技的使用上，有个很大的代际差异。
• Most women want more gender equality in the workplace.大多数女性在工作场所想要更多的性别平等。
• Women want to be treated equally both at home and at work.在家庭和工作中女性想要平等对待。

• I didn't attend a traditional high school. 我没有上过传统高中。
• Generational differences are clear in politics. 代际差异在政治上很明显。
• Gender equality can be an issue in the workplace. 性别平等可能在工作场所会是一个问题。
• Students want to be treated equally. 学生们想被平等对待。
• My aunt dresses in old-fashioned clothes. 我阿姨穿着旧款衣服。
• It's important to be courteous to others. 对别人有礼貌很重要。

3. Sympathetic listening

带有同情地倾听的小贴士
当你的朋友述说一个问题时，用重复他说的某部分话的方式表明你在倾听。

• A: My sister says that I'm too old-fashioned. 我的姐妹说我太古板了。
• B: Too old-fashioned? 太古板了？
• A: Yeah. I want men to be very traditional. 对。我希望男人很传统。

赋有同情心的倾听。

• I hear you. 我听到你了。
• My parents do the same thing. 我的父母做相同的事情。
• I know what you mean. 我知道你的意思。
• I sympathize with you. It's tough. 我同情你。太难了。

你还可以通过表现出理解他们处境的方式来体现你的同情。

• I see what you mean. 我明白你的意思。
• I can understand why you are concerned. 我能理解你为什么有些担心。
• You're in a tough position. 你的处境很难。
• That's a sticky situation. 那是一个棘手的情况。
• I hear you. You're in a tough position. 我听到你所说的。你在一个艰难的处境中。
• Yes! They do the same thing. 是的！他们做同样的事情。

4. Some perspective

仔细衡量事情
当某人担心一个情况时，重新聚焦谈话的内容会有些帮助。之后你可以问个问题或表明你的观点。

• Let's take a step back. Why do you think she said that? 让我们退后一步。你认为她为什么说那个？
• Let's look at the bigger picture. Getting married is a big change. 让我们从更广的角度设想，结婚是个很大的改变。
• Let's put things in perspective. You haven't lost your job. 让我们仔细衡量这些事。你并没有失去工作。
• You need to get some perspective on this. It isn't the end of the world. 你要合理地看待这件事。又不是世界末日。

你也可以从一个不太个人的角度来评论。

• The change will give you new opportunities. 这个改变会给你新的机会。
• Life is full of surprises, isn't it? 生活充满了惊奇，不是吗？
• Change is inevitable, you know. 你知道，改变是不可避免的。

Module 2 Speculating about change

1. Differences in communication

Read the text:

---

Gender Talk

by Lisa Goldstein

Do men and women communicate differently? Professor Deborah Tannen believes so. Research by the Georgetown University language expert suggests that there are striking differences between the way men communicate and the way women communicate.

Women use language to build and maintain better relationships, says Tannen. In other words, communication is a way for a woman to offer support to someone else. And it's a way for women to find agreement.

On the other hand, men use conversation to report information. Whereas women try to find agreement, men use language to become 'king of the conversation,' or to 'win the conversation.'

Tannen also found that, when it comes to communication, many people think that women talk too much. Yet Tannen says that real conversations show:

Women Men

• may talk more in private may talk more in public
• sometimes speak at the same time sometimes interrupt
• get fewer public opportunities to talk get more public opportunities to talk
• often offer understanding often offer advice

Of course, it's questionable to say all women and men always communicate in these ways. However, it may be helpful for people to know about these perceived gender differences. That way, men and women might be able to avoid some misunderstandings.

---

2. Describing change

新的流程
让我们看一下描述公司里的变化的不同方式。注意这些短语经常是动词+名词结构。这是一些描述新想法或者流程的方式。

• introduce a new mission statement 引入一个新的使命宣言
• implement a new company structure 实行一个新的公司架构
• bring in new processes 引进新的流程
• phase in new systems 递进式引进新系统

对当前流程的改变
这是一些谈论当前流程变化的方式。注意re-前缀，它表明某事又做了一遍。

• review and revise our policies 回顾和修正我们的政策
• restructure our teams 重组我们的团队
• revamp our products 翻新我们的产品

夸大其词地声称
有时候，负责变化的个人或团体会用夸大或夸张的术语来谈论它们。

• Our new processes will transform the way we work. 我们的新流程将会改变我们的工作方式。
• These new policies will completely change the way we do business. 这些新政策会彻底改变我们做生意的方式。

• We will phase in new systems gradually. 我们将分阶段逐步引入新系统。
• The company will review and revise its policies. 公司会回顾及修改其政策。
• To compete, we have to revamp our products. 为了竞争，我们必须改造我们的产品。
• We think a female CEO would transform the company. 我们认为，一个女性首席执行官可以改变这个公司。
• We need to review and revise the mission statement. 我们需要回顾和修订使命宣言。
• She plans on implementing new processes. 她计划实施新工艺。
• I'm bringing in a consultant to restructure our teams. 我将引入一位顾问来重组我们的团队。

3. Speculating

什么是可能的？
你可能已经知道使用情态动词比如could和might，或者副词如maybe，来推测可能会怎么样的方法。

• It could be new systems, or it might be new processes. 它可能是新系统，或者它可能是新流程。
• Maybe she's going to implement new policies. 可能她要去实施新政策。

现在让我们看看一些其他的方式。你可能想知道或者问些关于可能会发生什么的推测性的问题。

• I wonder what they're planning. 我想知道他们在计划什么。
• I wonder if they're restructuring the department. 我想知道他们是否在重组这个部门。
• What if they're bringing in new people? 要是他们招募新人会怎样？

你可以猜测某事发生的可能性。

• My guess is that it's a new office. 我猜那是一个新办公室。
• There's a chance it could be a new product. 很可能它是一个新产品。
• I'm guessing they'll bring in a new operating system. 我猜他们会引进一个新的操作系统。

或者，如果你比较确定某事会发生，你可以用这些表达方式：

• I wouldn't be surprised if he implemented new policies. 如果他实施了新政策，我不会惊奇。
• I imagine they're going to introduce new hardware. 我猜他们将要引入新硬件。

Module 3 Responding to proposed changes

1. What's in the office

• yoga room - We're having a class in the yoga room.
• recreation room - The company recreation room has board games and pool.
• staff showers - I use the staff showers in the morning before work.
• daycare center - A daycare center is provided by the company she works for.
• meeting space - I've scheduled the meeting at the second floor meeting space.
• bicycle parking - It's cool that my company has bicycle parking.
• storage space - I need a storage space for all my old clothes.

2. Evaluating ideas, Part 1

给出对想法的观点
你可能已经见过给出观点的简单方式，用That's a(n) + 形容词 + idea。

• That's a good idea. 那是个好主意。

一个更强的方式是加上感叹号，用What a(n) + 形容词 + idea!

• What an awesome idea! 多好的主意！
• What a terrible idea! 多可怕的想法！

积极评价
你也可以用像这样的短语对一个想法给予积极的反应。

• A new recreation room is the way to go. 一个新的娱乐室是要做的。
• The best option is to offer free childcare. 最好的选项是提供免费的儿童保育。
• Staff showers would go over really well with everyone. 员工淋浴区会受到每个人的欢迎。

消极评价
如果你不同意某个主意，你可以使用像这样的短语。

• That'll never work. 那根本行不通。
• I don't think a new daycare center will fly. 我不认为一个新的日托中心行得通。
• It's not the best idea I've ever heard. 这不是我听过的最好的主意。

3. Evaluating ideas, Part 2

使用反问句
一个回应主意或建议的方式是使用反问句-也就是，不需要回答的问题。注意，在这个例子中，两位说话人听起来都不是感到印象很好的。

• A: Whose idea was this? 这是谁的主意？
• B: Who knows? 谁知道？

反问句通常用平调，句末用降调。

• Who thought this was a good idea? 谁认为这是个好主意？

为了确保人们明白你的意思，在反问句后你可以加入更多的信息。

• Whose idea was this? It's awful. 谁的主意？太糟糕了。
• What were they thinking? That'll never work. 他们在想什么？根本行不通。
• Why would they consider that? That's not going to fly. 他们为什么考虑那个？那行不通。
  要注意怎样以及何时使用反问句。有时它们会显得消极和粗鲁。

Module 4 Adapting to change

1. Reacting to change

---

Stages of Change

Change can be a scary thing. Big changes– for example, having to move or having to find a new job – can mean big stress. Your status quo is interrupted, and you are pushed out of your comfort zone.

There are three basic stages we go through when faced with significant change. The difference is how long you stay at each stage. The first stage is resistance. When you hear about a change, your first thought is that you don't want to change. There is uncertainty and doubt about the future.

The second stage is going with the flow. In this stage, you go with the change, and do what you have to do to survive. You accept the change, but you aren't excited about it.

The third stage is openness. This means having an open mind about the possibilities the change might bring. Even if it's a change you don't like, you start thinking of your strategy for dealing with it. You accept the change and begin to develop your own plan for the future. The more quickly you can reach stage three, the more quickly you can adjust to a change.

---

对变化做出反应
这是些在谈论家庭和工作生活中的一些大改变时用的有用的单词和短语。

• Some people in the company are comfortable with the status quo. 公司中一些人对现状感到满意。
• Speaking in my second language pushes me outside my comfort zone. 用第二语言谈话让我觉得不自在。
• Recent graduates face a lot of uncertainty about the future. 最近的毕业生面对很多对未来的不确定性。
• Raul has doubts about the new advertising plan. 劳尔对新的广告计划有疑惑。
• Anna has an open mind about her move to a new city. 安娜对她搬到一个新城市的想法很开放。
• Sarah has a positive attitude about moving. 沙拉对搬家的态度积极。
• Tom is very resistant to change. He likes things to stay the same. 汤姆拒绝改变。他希望维持原状。

• Change always brings uncertainty. 改变总是带来不确定性。
• An open mind shows a positive attitude. 一个开放的思想表明一个积极的态度。
• I'm not comfortable with the status quo. 我对目前的现状不满意。
• My new job pushes me outside my comfort zone. 我的新工作让我有压力。
• I was resistant to the change at first. 一开始我拒绝改变。

2. Discussing change

这是些讨论改变的表达方式：

• I'm trying to stay positive about my new manager. 我对我们的新经理试图保持正面的看法。
• You need to be open to new possibilities. 你要能接受新的可能性。
• I am in a rut in my personal life. 我的个人生活一成不变。
• He's very easy-going. He always goes with the flow. 他很随和。他总是爱随大流。

当你听到人们谈论变化时，你可以问些问题帮助他们思考。

• A: How do you feel about moving? 你对搬家感觉怎么样？
• B: Well, I'm stressed out about it, but that's to be expected. 嗯，我有些压力，但很期待。
• A: What are your options? 你的选择是什么？
• B: Well, one option is to get more training. 嗯，一个选择是得到更多培训。
• A: How are you dealing with it? 你怎么处理它的？
• B: I was really upset at first, but now I have an open mind. 开始我很生气，但现在我有个开放的心态。

• How are you dealing with the situation? 你在如何处理这个情况呢？
• He's trying to stay positive about work. 他试图保持对工作的积极态度。
• She's in a rut at the same company. 她在同一家公司过着周而复始的工作。
• Are you open to new possibilities? 你对新的可能性乐于接受吗？

3. Verbs + 'that' clauses

动词+that从句
动词imagine和think后经常跟着一个that从句。不需要总是包含that，但那会让表述更清楚。

• I thought that it would be easy to find another job. 我以为找到另一个工作会很容易。
• I never thought the company might go out of business. 我从来没有想过公司会倒闭。
• I imagined that we would live in this city forever. 我想象我们会永远住在这个城市。
• I never imagined that we would have to move. 我从没想过我们必须要搬家。

• When you're finished changing, you're finished. 当你不再改变时，你就已经结束了。
• She never thought she'd lose her job. 她从来没有想过，她会失去她的工作。
• He imagined that he would get promoted. 他想像，他将会升职。
• They never imagined that things were bad. 他们万万没有想到，事情很糟糕。
• We thought the company was doing well. 我们以为公司做得很好。