怎么样才能增强英文毕业论文的逻辑感?
方法一:清晰引入核心信息
英文表达和有效交流的一个关键是首先建立读者对于核心信息的期待,然后接下来尽最大努力满足这些期待。因此在你的文章的标题,副标题和引言中,要有明确有效的核心信息以使读者对于接下来要读的有所期待。在每一段中,把首句作为中心句,把读者引导到这段的目的或者要表达的核心意思。中心句也可以用来承上启下,让前一段到后一段有一个平滑的过渡。
例句1:Besides spatial distribution, the occurrence of eruption over a defined period is widely considered as an important factor to assess the performance of these mitigative measures.
方法二:从概括到具体
文文章的读者习惯于先了解关于话题或者要点的概略信息,然后再进入细节,例子,或者更加具体的信息。我们来读下面一段话看看它的逻辑流是否符合从概括到具体的原则,如果不是的话,是否有一句话看起来比较概括但处于全段的后部呢?
例句2– 版本A:1Depression is more than just feeling bad. 2It may become a serious health condition when long-lasting and with moderate or severe intensity. 3It can cause the affected person to suffer greatly and function poorly. 4It is a common illness, with a lifetime prevalence of 20% in women and 12% in men.
你是否发现句4所表达的信息要比其他句子更加概括呢?而且读起来感觉逻辑上没有那么顺畅? 因为第一句话描述了depression的性状,第二句和第三句讲了它可能导致的结果,而第四句则是对depression的一个总体描述。如果我们把第4句放在最前面,整段的前后逻辑就会连贯的多:
例句2– 版本B:1Depression is a common illness, with a lifetime prevalence of 20% in women and 12% in men. 2It is more than just feeling bad. 3It may become a serious health condition when long-lasting and with moderate or severe intensity. 4It can cause the affected person to suffer greatly and function poorly.
方法三:把已知信息置于新信息之前
为了理解这一原则的本质,我们来读读以下两段话。这两段话包含了完全相同的信息,但信息出现的顺序不一样,体验一下哪一个版本读起来更加容易理解。
例句3– 版本A: Micro structures have surfaces areas which are several orders of magnitude larger than traditional ones for the same volume. The energy efficiency of industrial heat exchangers is improved through extended heat transfer area of these surfaces.
例句3– 版本B: Micro structures have surfaces areas which are several orders of magnitude larger than traditional ones for the same volume. These surfaces improve the energy efficiency of industrial heat exchangers through extended heat transfer area.
读者往往会发现版本B读起来更加顺畅。当读者读到上面任一版本的第二句的时候,他们已经知道第一句所表达的全部信息。因此第一句的信息可以视为已知的信息。在版本B中,第二句句首是已知的信息,后面才是新信息,这样的逻辑安排就要顺畅很多。
方法四:利用句子最前面的7-9个单词建立旧信息与新信息之间的衔接
继续以例句3作为例子,在版本A中,读者需要耐着性子读15个单词才能找到新旧信息之间的衔接,而在版本B中,前两个单词就已经表明了这种衔接。在句子的前7-9个单词里面建立这种新旧信息的衔接可以显著增强写作的可读性,读者理解起来更加容易和舒服。
方法五:把主语和动词放在句子的前7-9个单词里面
例句4– 版本A:The quantity and quality of the information sources, the means through which it is spread, and the audience of the information are important paramenters of making marketing plans.
例句4– 版本B:The important paramenters of making marketing plans are the quantity and quality of the information sources, the means through which it is spread, and the audience of the information.
这个句子的版本A读起来比较费劲,因为读者需要先读19个作为主语的单词才能找到谓语动词;相反,版本B中句子的主语和谓语在前8个单词里面就已经有了,因此读起来更加顺畅和易于理解。
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