分类动态添加属性（关联的原理）

添加关联对象
void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void * key,
                                id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)
获得关联对象
id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void * key)
移除所有的关联对象
void objc_removeAssociatedObjects(id object)

再看看底层实现是怎么样的

void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy) {
    _object_set_associative_reference(object, (void *)key, value, policy);
}
void _object_set_associative_reference(id object, void *key, id value, uintptr_t policy) {
    // retain the new value (if any) outside the lock.
    ObjcAssociation old_association(0, nil);
    id new_value = value ? acquireValue(value, policy) : nil;
    {
        AssociationsManager manager;
        AssociationsHashMap &associations(manager.associations());
        disguised_ptr_t disguised_object = DISGUISE(object);
        if (new_value) {
            // break any existing association.
            AssociationsHashMap::iterator i = associations.find(disguised_object);
            //查看这个对象是否设置过关联
            if (i != associations.end()) {
                //找到了证明这个对象设置过关联
                ObjectAssociationMap *refs = i->second;
                ObjectAssociationMap::iterator j = refs->find(key);
                //查找这个key有没有对应的ObjcAssociation
                if (j != refs->end()) {
                    //有的话直接替换成新值
                    old_association = j->second;
                    j->second = ObjcAssociation(policy, new_value);
                } else {
                    //没有的话根据这个key创建一个新的ObjcAssociation
                    (*refs)[key] = ObjcAssociation(policy, new_value);
                }
            } else {
                // create the new association (first time).
               //没有设置过根据这个disguised_object创建一个新的ObjectAssociationMap
                ObjectAssociationMap *refs = new ObjectAssociationMap;
                associations[disguised_object] = refs;
                (*refs)[key] = ObjcAssociation(policy, new_value);
                object->setHasAssociatedObjects();
            }
        } else {
            // setting the association to nil breaks the association.
            AssociationsHashMap::iterator i = associations.find(disguised_object);
            if (i !=  associations.end()) {
                ObjectAssociationMap *refs = i->second;
                ObjectAssociationMap::iterator j = refs->find(key);
                if (j != refs->end()) {
                    old_association = j->second;
                    refs->erase(j);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // release the old value (outside of the lock).
    if (old_association.hasValue()) ReleaseValue()(old_association);
}

这个图能更好的解释上面的关系

image.png

关联对象并不是存储在被关联对象本身内存中，而是存储在全局的统一的一个AssociationsManager中
设置关联对象为nil，就相当于是移除关联对象

objc_getAssociatedObject原理都是差不多的，贴一下代码

id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key) {
    return _object_get_associative_reference(object, (void *)key);
}
id _object_get_associative_reference(id object, void *key) {
    id value = nil;
    uintptr_t policy = OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN;
    {
        AssociationsManager manager;
        AssociationsHashMap &associations(manager.associations());
        disguised_ptr_t disguised_object = DISGUISE(object);
        AssociationsHashMap::iterator i = associations.find(disguised_object);
        if (i != associations.end()) {
            ObjectAssociationMap *refs = i->second;
            ObjectAssociationMap::iterator j = refs->find(key);
            if (j != refs->end()) {
                ObjcAssociation &entry = j->second;
                value = entry.value();
                policy = entry.policy();
                if (policy & OBJC_ASSOCIATION_GETTER_RETAIN) {
                    objc_retain(value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (value && (policy & OBJC_ASSOCIATION_GETTER_AUTORELEASE)) {
        objc_autorelease(value);
    }
    return value;
}

objc_removeAssociatedObjects

void objc_removeAssociatedObjects(id object) 
{
    if (object && object->hasAssociatedObjects()) {
        _object_remove_assocations(object);
    }
}
void _object_remove_assocations(id object) {
    vector< ObjcAssociation,ObjcAllocator<ObjcAssociation> > elements;
    {
        AssociationsManager manager;
        AssociationsHashMap &associations(manager.associations());
        if (associations.size() == 0) return;
        disguised_ptr_t disguised_object = DISGUISE(object);
        AssociationsHashMap::iterator i = associations.find(disguised_object);
        if (i != associations.end()) {
            // copy all of the associations that need to be removed.
            ObjectAssociationMap *refs = i->second;
            for (ObjectAssociationMap::iterator j = refs->begin(), end = refs->end(); j != end; ++j) {
                elements.push_back(j->second);
            }
            // remove the secondary table.
            delete refs;
            associations.erase(i);
        }
    }
    // the calls to releaseValue() happen outside of the lock.
    for_each(elements.begin(), elements.end(), ReleaseValue());
}