CentOs安装Nginx

2020-07-14  本文已影响0人  岸边露伴一动不动

CentOs下安装Nginx有两种方法:

一、源文件安装

1、安装编译工具及库文件

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel

2、安装PCRE

PCRE库支持正则表达式。如果我们在配置文件nginx.conf中使用了正则表达式,那么在编译Nginx时就必须把PCRE库编译进Nginx,因为Nginx的HTTP模块需要靠它来解析正则表达式。
1、进入安装目录
cd /usr/local/src/
2、wget下载安装包
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
3、解压安装包
tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
4、进入解压后的目录
cd pcre-8.35
5、配置
./configure
6、编译安装
make && make install
7、查看PCRE版本
pcre-config --version

3、安装Nginx

1、下载安装包
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
2、解压并进入目录
tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.2
3、编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
make && make install

./configure 命令的 --prefix 用于指定安装路径,--with用于指定依赖 --with-依赖包名称=依赖包目录
如果不使用 --prefix 指定路径,则安装时可执行文件默认放在 /usr/local/bin ,库文件默认放在 /usr/local/lib ,配置文件默认放在 /usr/local/etc 。其它的资源文件放在 /usr/local/share

4、配置Nginx

1、创建Nginx运行使用的用户:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
2、配置 nginx.conf ,进入/usr/local/src/nginx-1.6.2/conf,将 nginx.conf 替换为以下内容

user www www;
worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数一致
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  log_format main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
  
#charset gb2312;
     
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
     
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on; 
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
 
  #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
 #下面是server虚拟主机的配置
 server
  {
    listen 80;#监听端口
    server_name localhost;#域名
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
      location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
    {
      expires 30d;
  # access_log off;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires 15d;
   # access_log off;
    }
    access_log off;
  }

}

检查配置文件nginx.conf的正确性:
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果显示如下:

➜  conf /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

则证明配置正确。

5、启动Nginx

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
我在启动时报错如下:

➜  conf /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

从配置文件中可以看到我们使用的是80端口,而这个错误是由于80端口被占用,查看占用80端口号的进程:
netstat -ntlp|grep 80
显示如下:

➜  conf netstat -ntlp|grep 80
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      7732/httpd

Apache占用了80端口号,我们可以杀死占用端口号的进程:kill 7732,或者将配置文件中 listen 80 修改为别的端口号。我这边采用的第二种,修改为了 2333 端口,重新运行Nginx启动命令,无报错信息,启动成功。

➜  ~ /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
You have new mail.
➜  ~

6、访问站点

image.png

如果是修改配置文件监听端口号,记得在网址后加端口号哦。

至此,Nginx就安装成功啦。

二、yum安装

yum安装nginx就比较简单啦,执行命令yum install nginx即可
安装成功后,可以使用systemctl命令

yum安装后,Nginx的配置文件在哪里呢,可以通过查找Nginx安装位置来查找配置文件:
ps -ef |grep nginx
显示如下:

image.png
再执行/usr/sbin/nginx -t
image.png
可以看到配置文件目录为/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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