java - springmvc 入门说明

1.创建 web 工程

创建 web 工程.png

2.导入 jar 包

导入 jar 包.png

3.修改 web.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <display-name>xiaocai_springmvc_01</display-name>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <!-- 拦截所有请求，对所有请求参数都必须进行编码 -->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- springmvc中央控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 加载springmvc配置文件 -->
        <!-- 方式一： 加载默认配置文件：（满足规范） 名称规范：<servlet-name>-servlet.xml ===> springmvc-servlet.xml 
            路径规范：/WEB-INF/下面，才能被springmvc自动解析 -->
        <!-- 方式二：加载自定义配置文件 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.创建一个 source folder 目录 （config）

创建一个 datasource 目录.png

5.创建 log4j 配置文件（log4j.properties）

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=c:/mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###

log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout

6. 创建 springmvc.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描Controller -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaocai"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- springmvc视图解析器：解析出真正物理视图 返回逻辑视图： -->
    <!-- index 解析出真正物理视图:前缀+逻辑视图+后缀 ==> /WEB-INF/jsps/index.jsp -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"></property>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

7. 编写 controller 代码 （HelloSpringController）

@Controller
public class HelloSpringController {

    /**
     * model是什么？
     * model顶层是map，是一个Request域，model中值可以使用el表达式获取
     */
    @RequestMapping("/hello/springmvc")
    public String list(Model model){
        //放入数据
        model.addAttribute("hello", "hello springmvc!");
        //返回逻辑视图
        return "index";
    }

}

编写 controller 代码.png

8.创建 jsps 文件夹并编写相应的 jsp 文件

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>转发:${hello }</h1>
</body>
</html>

创建 jsps 文件夹并编写相应的 jsp 文件.png

9. 查看URL前缀

查看URL前缀.png

10. 运行 tomcat 并打开网页测试

http://localhost:8080/xiaocai_springmvc_01/hello/springmvc.do

打开网页测试.png