第10篇，解决一个问题，运用Python来备份指定文件
2017-12-21 本文已影响15人
ZYiDa
通过解决一个问题，来学习解决问题的思路。
------ZYiDa弗拉斯基
思路
- 需要备份的文件与目录应在一份列表中指定出来
- 备份必须存储在主备份目录中
- 备份文件打包压缩成
zip文件 -
zip文件名的格式为“当前日期时间 +.zip” - 我们使用在任何Linux/Unix发行版本中都会提供的标准zip命令进行打包。
只要有命令行界面，我们就可以使用任何需要用到的压缩和归档命令。
Debug阶段的代码
详细的说明都在注释里面了。
import os
import time
# 以MacOS下为例，win下面的路径不一样
# 需要备份的文件的目录路径
source = ['/Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo']
# 备份的目标路径
target_dir = '/Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlert'
# 备份的文件名称：'当前日期时间+.zip'，文件路径为：目标路径+文件名称
# time.strftime() 创建日期时间
# os.sep 根据系统来给出对应的分隔符
target = target_dir + os.sep + time.strftime('%Y%m%H%M%S') + '.zip'
# 如果备份的目标文件路径不存在，就创建该路径。
if not os.path.exists(target_dir):
os.makedirs(target_dir)
# 使用zip压缩命令来打包压缩文件成zip格式
# -r选项 用以指定zip命令应该递归地对目录进行压缩工作
# 也就是说它应该包括所有的子文件夹与其中的文件
# zipCommand = "zip -r {} {}".format(target, ''.join(source))
zipCommand = f"zip -r {target} {''.join(source)}"
# 输出压缩过程的信息
print('zipCommand is :')
print(zipCommand)
print('Running:')
# 处理压缩的结果
if os.system(zipCommand) == 0:
print('Successful backup to :',target)
else:
print('Backup failed.')
输出信息
zipCommand is :
zip -r /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlert/201712100550.zip /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo
Running:
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/podfile (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/README.md (deflated 12%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/.DS_Store (deflated 93%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/AppDelegate.h (deflated 23%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/AppDelegate.m (deflated 58%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json (deflated 84%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard (deflated 57%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard (deflated 71%)
Successful backup to : /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlert/201712100550.zip
Process finished with exit code 0
Maintenance维护阶段
维护阶段的需求更改
- 用日期做文件夹名称 ，在该目录下存储当天的备份，这个文件夹在主备份目录下。
请看下面的代码
import os
import time
# 需要备份的文件路径
source = ['/Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo']
# 主备份目录
target_main_dir = '/Users/a1/Desktop/BackpackTestFile'
if not os.path.exists(target_main_dir):
os.makedirs(target_main_dir)
# 将当前日期作为当前主备份目录下的总目录
today = target_main_dir + os.sep + time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
if not os.path.exists(today):
os.makedirs(today)
print("File path create Successful!")
# 获取当前时间，转化为字符串，作为备份文件的名称
now = time.strftime('%H%M%S')
# 备份文件的'路径+文件名'
file_target = today + os.sep +now + '.zip'
# 调用zip命令
zipCommand = "zip -r {} {}".format(file_target,''.join(source))
#输出压缩过程信息
print("Zip command is :")
print(zipCommand)
print("Start Running!")
# 判断压缩的结果信息
if os.system(zipCommand) == 0:
print("Successful backpack file to path:",file_target)
else:
print("Filed backpack.")
Zip command is :
zip -r /Users/a1/Desktop/BackpackTestFile/20171221/102959.zip /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo
Start Running!
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/objects/info/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/objects/pack/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/ORIG_HEAD (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/heads/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/heads/master (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/remotes/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/remotes/origin/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/remotes/origin/master (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/remotes/origin2/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/remotes/origin2/master (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/refs/tags/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/.git/sourcetreeconfig (deflated 40%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/LICENSE (deflated 41%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/podfile (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/README.md (deflated 12%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/.DS_Store (deflated 93%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/AppDelegate.h (deflated 23%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/AppDelegate.m (deflated 58%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json (deflated 84%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard (deflated 57%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard (deflated 71%)
Successful backpack file to path: /Users/a1/Desktop/BackpackTestFile/20171221/102959.zip
Process finished with exit code 0
Bug Fixing 错误修复
下面的代码看似很正确，但是却不能正常运行。不过我们可以从下面学习到解决问题的思路
import os
import time
source = ['/Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo']
tatget_main_dir = '/Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2'
if not os.path.exists(tatget_main_dir):
os.makedirs(tatget_main_dir)
today = tatget_main_dir + os.sep + time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
if not os.path.exists(today):
os.makedirs(today)
now = time.strftime('%H%M%S')
comment = input('请输入文件名前缀：')
if len(comment) == 0:
file_taget_dir = tatget_main_dir + today + os.sep + now + '.zip'
else:
file_taget_dir = tatget_main_dir + today + os.sep + comment + '_' + now + '.zip'
zipCommand = "zip -r {} {}".format(file_taget_dir,''.join(source))
print("Zip conmand is ",zipCommand)
print("Start Running!")
print(zipCommand)
if os.system(zipCommand) == 0:
print("Successful backup to path :",file_taget_dir)
else:
print("Backup Filed.")
运行报错，控制台输出结果
请输入文件名前缀：ert
Zip conmand is zip -r /Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/20171221/ert_110054.zip /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo
Start Running!
zip -r /Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/20171221/ert_110054.zip /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo
zip I/O error: No such file or directory
zip error: Could not create output file (/Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/20171221/ert_110054.zip)
Backup Filed.
Process finished with exit code 0
从上面的输出信息可以看到，错误信息是找不到文件或者文件夹信息。
经过一步一步排查，发现问题出现在下面的区域
if len(comment) == 0:
file_taget_dir = tatget_main_dir + today + os.sep + now + '.zip'
else:
file_taget_dir = tatget_main_dir + today + os.sep + comment + '_' + now + '.zip'
因为在设置备份文件路径时，我们多加了一个tatget_main_dir造成了路径错误，从而无法进行备份。
去除掉上面代码中的tatget_main_dir +，再次运行就正常了，
请看正常后的输出信息
请输入文件名前缀：qwert
Zip conmand is zip -r /Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/20171221/qwert_110447.zip /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo
Start Running!
zip -r /Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/20171221/qwert_110447.zip /Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/podfile (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/README.md (deflated 12%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/.DS_Store (deflated 93%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/AppDelegate.h (deflated 23%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/AppDelegate.m (deflated 58%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json (deflated 84%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/ (stored 0%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard (deflated 57%)
adding: Users/a1/Desktop/ZAlertViewDemo/ZAlertViewDemo/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard (deflated 71%)
Successful backup to path : /Users/a1/Desktop/backup_test2/20171221/qwert_110447.zip
Process finished with exit code 0
关于zip命令的两个说明
-
zipCommand = "zip -r -v {} {}".format(file_taget_dir,''.join(source)),在zip命令中添加-v能更加详细的显示压缩的过程进行信息。 -
zipCommand = "zip -r -q {} {}".format(file_taget_dir,''.join(source))则能使程序静默进行，不显示输出压缩过程的进行信息。
总结-软件开发的流程
由上面处理问题的思路，可以总结一下软件开发的流程
- What/做什么 （分析）
- How/怎么做 （设计）
- Do It/开始做 （执行）
- Test/测试 (测试与修复错误)
- Use/使用 （操作或开发）
- Maintain/维护（改进）
未命名文件.png
