centos7上安装oracle10g

1.检查host文件：

 cat /etc/hosts
#显示结果
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

2.基本配置

#设置内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
#让设置立即生效
sysctl -p
#系统资源限制：
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle  soft    nproc   2047
oracle  hard    nproc   16384
oracle  soft    nofile  1024
oracle  hard    nofile  65536
#使限制生效 文件中添加如下内容
vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
#编辑系统环境配置文件/etc/profile,在最后添加如下内容：
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
            ulimit -n 65536
    else
            ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi
#编辑/etc/csh.login,在最后添加如下内容：
if ( $USER == "oracle") then
    limit maxproc 16384
    limit descriptors 65536
endif

4.安装基础软件

yum -y install autoconf automake binutils-devel bison cpp dos2unix ftp gcc gcc-c++ lrzsz python-devel
yum -y install compat-db compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 glibc-* glibc-*.i686 libXpm-*.i686 libXp.so.6 libXt.so.6 libXtst.so.6 libgcc_s.so.1 ksh libXp libaio-devel numactl numactl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel

5.创建用户目录：

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle

usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
mkdir -p /usr/local/soft/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall  /usr/local/soft/oracle
chmod -R 775 /usr/local/soft/oracle

6.设置环境变量

#编辑/home/oracle/.bash_profile,在最后添加如下内容：
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/soft/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/soft/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export  PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
#使生效
source .bash_profile

7.安装

#安装文件上传并解压
gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
#修改配置让oracle适用于新版linux 在“Certified Versions”的项目中添加“redhat-6”
vim /usr/local/setup/oracle/database/install/oraparam.ini
[Certified Versions]
Linux=rethat-6,redhat-3,SuSE-9,redhat-4,UnitedLinux-1.0,asianux-1,asianux-2
#创建/etc/oraInst.loc文件，否则安装时会报错
vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/usr/local/setup/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 775 /etc/oraInst.loc
#设置默认安装脚本，复制到服务器
/usr/local/setup/oracle/database/response/enterprise.rsp
/usr/local/setup/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp
#修改安装目录权限
chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/setup/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall  /usr/local/soft/oracle
#静默安装
/usr/local/setup/oracle/database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /usr/local/setup/oracle/database/response/enterprise.rsp
#如果是高级设置还需设置数据库
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /usr/local/setup/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp
#以root用户运行安装后环境所需脚本
/usr/local/soft/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/usr/local/soft/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

8.第一次登录和启动

sqlplus /nolog
conn system/system as sysdba
select sysdate from dual;

#如果第一次查询报错：
ORA-27125: unable to create shared memory segment
Cause: shmget() call failed
Action: contact Oracle support
#如果第一次连接
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
#解决办法：
[oracle@zzm-yun-pc ~]$ id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1001(dba)
#下面用root执行下面的命令，将dba组添加到系统内核中：
 echo 1001 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
#或永久添加到/etc/sysctl.conf
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.hugetlb_shm_group  = 1001
#执行启动oracle指令（startup）如果报错
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/usr/local/soft/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initORCL.ora'
#复制文件
cd /usr/local/soft/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
cp init.ora initORCL.ora
#执行启动oracle指令（startup）如果报错
ORA-00371: not enough shared pool memory, should be atleast 123232153 bytes

#查询内存设置情况
select 'SGA' AS NAME,ROUND(sum(value)/1024/1024,2)||'M' AS "SIZE(M)" from v$sga
UNION
select 'PGA' AS NAME,ROUND(value/1024/1024,2)||'M' AS "SIZE(M)" from v$pgastat where name='total PGA allocated'
UNION
select 'TOTAL' AS NAME,((SELECT ROUND(sum(value)/1024/1024,2) from v$sga)+(select ROUND(value/1024/1024,2) from v$pgastat where name='total PGA allocated'))||'M' AS "SIZE(M)" FROM DUAL
UNION
SELECT NAME,TO_CHAR(VALUE) FROM V$PGASTAT WHERE NAME='process count';

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