L7 U5 教育

Module 1 描述你的教育背景

1. 学校词汇

• public elementary school 公立小学
• middle school 中学
• private school 私立学校
• high school 中学
• university 大学
• University of Michigan 密歇根大学

University 与 college
在美国，college 经常为提供文科学历的一个单独的学院；而 university 则拥有多个学院（工程学院、法学院等）。美国人提及两者时均用 college，除非他们正在谈论某个特定的大学。 使用 university 时，通常在其前面加上一个冠词，如 the。

• I'm going to college in the fall. 秋天我要去读大学了。
• They both went to Pacific University. 他俩都去太平洋大学。
• We play on the volleyball team at the university. 我们在大学里的排球队。

在英国，college 通常是接受继续教育或职业教育的地方；而 university 则是攻读本科学位或研究生学位的地方。这两个词语通常均不与冠词 the 一起使用。

• I'm going to university in the autumn. 秋天我就要去读大学了。
• I went to college to study computer programming. 我上大学学习计算机编程。

在美国，学生们说他们 in college；而在英国，学生们则说他们 at university。

• Paul and his sister are both in college. Paul和他的妹妹都在读大学。
• Paul and his sister are both at university. Paul和他的妹妹都在大学里。

2. 句子重音

为进行有效的沟通，在说每个句子中最重要的词语时需大声一点，以予以强调。注意，private 和 expensive 在此句子中重读：
Private schools are too expensive.

注意，high 和 university 在此句子中重读：
After high school, I went to a private university.

你可以通过重读不同的词语，改变句子的含义。注意，如果 private 而不是 university被重读，句子的含义会如何变化。说话人让“大学是私立的”比“她上过大学”这一事实显得重要。
After high school, I went to a private university.

除了 private 之外，如果说话人还重读 I，注意句子意思是如何改变的。现在，说话人强调她上了一所私立大学，而也许其他人没有。
After high school, I went to a private university.

• Sarah went to a public high school. Sarah 在公立高中读书。
• Alex went to a public elementary school. Alex 在一所公立小学读书。
• There weren't any good public high schools. 没有什么好的公立高中。
• Alex went to a private high school. Alex 在一所私立高中读书。
• Sarah's going to a private university. Sarah 打算去一所私立大学求学。

3. 大学学历

• master's degrees 硕士学位
• doctorates 博士
• bachelor's degree in literature 文学学士学位
• joint degree 联合学位
• economics 经济学
• mathematics 数学
• BA in business management 工商管理学士
• MBA 工商管理硕士

大学学历
获得高中文凭 (high school diploma) 后，美国大学可为你提供众多普通学位，以下是其中的一部分。

• Bachelor of Arts 文学士
• Bachelor of Science 理学士
• Master of Arts 文硕士
• Master of Science 理硕士
• Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士
• Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士
• Doctor of Medicine 医学博士

用此类表达来谈论资历和学位：

• I got my BS in political science. 我获得了政治学学士学位。
• Charles did his master's in communications. 查尔斯拿到了通信学硕士学位。
• She has a doctorate in criminal justice. 她拥有刑事司法学博士学位。
• Your qualifications are impressive. Two master's degrees! 你的资历让人印象深刻。竟然是双硕士学位！

4. 提供有关你所接受教育的信息

• I went to ... 我去读了……

• The classes were big. 每班人数很多。

• My grades went down. 我的成绩下降了。

• My parents moved me to ... 我父母把我转到……

• Most of them had ... 他们中的大多数人都……

• I received a ... 我获得了……

• I went on to ... 我继续去读了……

• I did an MBA at ... 我在……拿到了工商管理硕士学位。

• I went to North Hampton High. 我在 North Hampton High 高中读书。

• After high school, I got a bachelor's. 高中毕业后，我获得了学士学位。

• I did well in literature. 我文学学得很好。

• I got my MA in political science. 我获得了政治学文科硕士。

• I received a master's in communications. 我获得了通讯硕士学位。

• I'd like to do a doctorate. 我想攻读博士学位。

Module 2 明确你的教育目标

1. 职业发展

• college counselor 学校顾问
• internship 实习
• continuing education 继续教育
• professional development 职业发展
• on-the-job training 在职培训

Professional development 与 continuing education
Professional development是指你在高中毕业后加强教育所建立的技能和知识。使用这些表达来谈论职业发展：

• The head teacher coaches the other teachers as part of their professional development. 校长为其他教师提供辅导，作为他们职业发展的一部分。
• HR scheduled some on-the-job training so we can learn how to use the new software. 人力资源部已经安排了一些在职培训，所以我们可以学习新软件的使用方法。

Continuing education 是指成人在完成高中后加强教育所需的课程。使用这些表达来谈论继续教育：

• Ernie has a design degree, but now he's taking a night course in economics at the local college. 欧尼拥有设计学学位，他现在还在本地的大学里上夜校学习经济学。
• Maybe I'll get a certificate online. 也许我可以通过网络获得一个文凭。

2. 动名词表达

以介词结尾的表达通常后接动名词 – 词尾为 -ing 的动词。以下是四个后接动名词的表达。你可以用来谈论专业或个人发展。
think about + 动名词
I've thought about doing some professional development. 我想过要进行一些职业发展。

interested in + 动名词
Jan's interested in coaching other employees. 简对辅导其他员工很感兴趣。

plan on + 动名词
He plans on getting his MBA. 他计划攻读工商管理硕士学位。

look forward to + 动名词
I look forward to taking a night course. 我想去上夜校。

3. you、and和to的弱读

在英语口语中，并非每个音都要发出。代词、连词和介词等较不重要的单词常常发短音，所以在倾听时，识别这些弱读的单词就很重要。
最常见的三个弱读单词为 you、and 和 to请听以下句子。注意：这三个单词发短音时都采用了相同的音调。
'You'

• Are you taking a night course?
• Frank's gonna coach you.

'And'

• I'm so busy with work and school.
• And then I got my bachelor's.

'To'

• Liz is planning to get a certificate online.
• I'd like to do some professional development.

4. 谈论目标

• I didn't really have any goals. 我以前真的没什么目标。

• I began to think of goals. 我开始考虑自己的目标了。

• Well, first I want to … 嗯，首先我要……

• My second goal is to … 我的第二个目标是……

• And then, I'm interested in … 然后，我有意……

• What are your goals? 你有什么目标？

• My big objective right now is to … 我现在的一个大目标是……

• What are your career goals? 你的职业目标是什么？

• My primary goal is to get a promotion. 我的首要目标是升职。

• What are your plans? 你们有什么计划？

• I'm interested in taking some night courses. 我想上夜校。

• What are you thinking about doing? 你在考虑做什么？

• I'm planning on getting a certificate online. 我打算通过网络获得一个证书。

• That sounds like a great plan. 这听起来是个很棒的计划，

Module 3 为员工学则培训课程

1. 课程的名词

• cost 费用
• schedule 课程安排
• online study 在线学习
• recommendation 推荐
• instructor 教员
• flexibility 灵活性 - Is there any flexibility in the schedule? We're so busy on weekends.
• location 地点 - You don't need to give me your address. I found your location on my mobile phone.
• live classes 现场授课 - The online class is too quiet. I like talking with other students in the live class.
• reputation 声誉 - Your school has a reputation for excellence. Everyone says the instructors are the best.
• a short course 短期课程 - The three-month course is too much for my busy schedule . Is there a short course that takes less time?

2. 含有疑问词的陈述句

含有疑问词 + be 的陈述句
你可以在陈述句中加入疑问词。注意下例中疑问词 what 和动词 be 的位置。

• I've been thinking about what the best course for me is. 我一直在想什么是最适合我的课程。

在下列含有 know 和 wonder 的例句中寻找疑问词。注意句子结构和降调。

• Bette knows who the instructor is. 贝蒂知道谁是老师。
• I wonder what the schedule is. 我想知道时间表是怎样的。
• I don't know where the school is. 我不知道学校在哪里。
• I wondered how good the instructors were. 我想知道这些老师有多好。

3. 带有-ever的疑问词

在疑问词后面加上 -ever 来谈论时间、地点或事物的无限可能性。

• You can study whenever you want. 你什么时候想学时都可以学。
• I take my notebook wherever I go. 无论我去哪里，我都带着我的笔记本。
• I'm looking forward to whatever the instructor teaches. 无论老师教什么，我都满怀期待。
• Whoever took this picture is really creative. 不管是谁 拍的这张照片，他真的很有创意。
• It's a flexible course. You can study however you want. 它是一门灵活的课程，不管你想采用什么方式学习都可以。

4. 讨论优点和缺点

• The advantages are obvious.优点很明显。

• These classes have their disadvantages.这类班级也有缺点。

• Another disadvantage is that …另一个缺点是……

• One good thing is that …好的一点是……

• And another advantage is that …另一个优点是……

• The drawback is we don't know their reputation. 不利之处是我们不了解他们的声誉好坏。

• An obvious disadvantage is the cost. 成本是一个明显的劣势。

• There's no live instructor. That's one bad thing. 但是没有面对面的老师，这是一大坏处。

• A good thing is we can start whenever we choose. 好处是无论我们随时都可以开始上课。

• Another benefit is that the schedule is flexible. 其他好处是时间安排很灵活；

• The advantage is that you can study wherever you want. 优点在于你可以在任何地点想学习的时候学习。

Module 4 撰写有关你所在国家的教育的文章

1. 教育词汇

• going back to college 重返大学
• tests 考试
• pass 及格
• failed 不及格
• gap year 空档年
• figure out who I was 弄清楚我是谁
• figure out what I wanted to do 弄清楚我想要做什么

It's Test Time - by Alicia Robins
It's August, and people are going back to college. 
They're also taking a lot of English language tests.
"The trend in language education is to give students tests many times a year," said Trevor Burke, City College president. 
"In the 1990s, we only gave tests once a year."
The tests help the college figure out which students need special language classes, he said.
"If the student passes the test, he can continue in his regular classes." 
But what happens if the student doesn't pass? 
What if the student fails?
"If the student fails, there are special classes that can help," 
Burke said. 
"Or, sometimes, he can take the test again."

• Trends show that students are taking more tests. 有趋势显示学生参加的考试正越来越多。
• The newspaper article is about language tests. 报纸这篇文章讨论的是语言考试。
• If students don't pass the test, they fail the grade. 没有通过考试的学生则要留级。
• More and more people are going back to college. 越来越多的人正在重返大学。

2. 谈论典型情况

你可以用以下表达来谈论典型情况。表达中提及名词时用介词 for；表达中提及动词时则用 to。

• It's common for older people to go back to school. 年长者重回学校学习是很常见的。
• It's pretty normal to start college at 18. 18岁开始上大学是相当正常的现象。

你可以用双重否定来加强语气。

• It's not uncommon for classes to start at 2 p.m. 在下午2点开始上课并不少见。
• It's not unusual to study all night before a test. 考试前整夜学习没什么稀奇的。
• It's pretty normal to study all night before a test. 考试前整夜学习是相当正常的现象。
• It's not surprising that college costs are rising. 大学学费正不断上涨，这一点都不奇怪。
• It's the usual story - work all day, study all night. 这是个很平常的经历 – 白天工作，晚上学习。
• It's not unusual for wealthy children to go to college. 富家子弟去读大学的并不少见。
• It's common to go back to school when you're older. 年纪大了再重返学校读书是个普遍现象。

3. 就某个问题表明立场

赞成

• Right. 好的。
• Exactly. 一点不错。
• I'm all for gap years. 我完全赞成暂时休学几年。
• I'm in favor of them, too. 我也赞成。
• I'm in favor of it.
• I'm all for it.
• I support it.

反对

• I disagree with it.
• I think that it's wrong.
• I'm against it.
• I'm totally against that. 我完全反对。

4. 美国的教育

I'm in favor of technology in education and, in fact, it's quite common for US colleges to use technology. 
For example, it's not unusual for students to get degrees online. 
I'm not surprised, because you can study whenever and wherever you want. 
Another trend is that students are buying electronic books, or e-books. 
I totally support the use of e-readers. 
You can read them on a mobile device – paper books are too heavy to carry! Also, I think it's wrong that paper books cost more than e-books. 
It's not unusual to pay $100 for a paper book. 
I'm all for technology in education. 
I just wish that technology could help me pass Monday's test in math class!