第二单元：所有
by 翻转英语Hero老师
英语中表达“拥有的”含义的形容词可大致分为两大类。“你我他的”为一类，剩下的为另一类。
I → my
一
知识点
之前我们所学到的I, you, he, she, it, we, they等词均为代词，在句子中作的是主语。本节课我们将学习它们的形容词形式，表示“某人所拥有的”之意。它们分别是：
1. I → my /mai/
2. you → your /jɔ:/
3. he → his /hiz/
4. she → her /hə:/
5. it → its /its/
6. we → our /’auə/
7. they → their /ðεə/
二
自然推理
根据以下例句推出my等词的用法。
1. I have a nice car.
→ It is my car.
→ My car is nice.
2. You have a black bag.
→ It is your bag.
→ Your bag is black.
3. She has a small pet.
→ It is her pet.
→ Her pet is small.
4. He has a big house.
→ It is his house.
→ His house is big.
5. It has long legs.
→ They are its legs.
→ Its legs are long.
6. We have a clean office.
→ This is our office.
→ Our office is clean.
7. They have some red flowers.
→ These are their flowers.
→ Their flowers are red.
隐藏答案
my等表示所有概念的形容词的用法是在后面紧跟所修饰的名词，形成紧密的adj. + n.的形式（n.为名词缩写）。 在句法结构术语中，将形容词的这类功能称为“定语”。
三
知识点
作为形容词，my等一众词有两大使用禁区：
1.
不与a/the/some/many等词连用。
× some my flowers
× my some flowers
× a my flower
× the my flowers
√ some flowers
√ my flowers
√ a flower
√ the flowers
√ some/many of my flowers
一些/许多我的花（我有的花不止这些）
√ one of my flowers
一朵我的花（我有的花不止这一朵）
2. 不能与所修饰的名词分开
× The nice car is my.
× These flowers are their.
作为定语，my等一众词只能紧挨着所修饰的名词，如my car, their flowers 上述错误句子中，my/their所处的位置在句法结构术语中称为“表语”。my等一众词不作表语。
-’s
一
自然推理
根据下方例句推断出-’s的用法和读音：
1. This is Tom’s bag.
2. This is Nick’s office.
3. This is Kate’s car.
4. This is Ted’s house.
5. This is Alice’s drink.
隐藏答案
1. -’s是个后缀，可以加在几乎所有除了“你我他”之外的名词或名字末尾，表达“某人、某事或某物所拥有的”之意。
2. -’s
的读音规则同单词复数时加的-s或-es。
二
知识点
若一个名词或名字的词尾为-s（包括复数形式的-s或-es），则直接在末尾加上一撇即能表示拥有的意思了。一撇本身并不发音。比如：
1. the cars’
2. the actress’
3. these actresses’
4. Roberts’ /’rɔbəts/
与my等一众词不同的是，-’s既可以做定语，也可以做表语！比如:
✓ These are Nick’s flowers. 【定语】 ✓ These flowers are Nick’s. 【表语】
做表语时，不小心少了’s会很滑稽！
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whose
英文中对“谁的”的提问词为whose /hu:z/
whose
的用法规则和what等其它特殊疑问词类同。
以“这些是谁的花”为例，有这几种问法：
1. Whose are these flowers? 【whose为提问词】
2. Whose flowers are they?
【whose flowers整体作为提问词】
不论哪种问法，whose的回答都可以是：
1. They are mum’s flowers.
2. These flowers are mum’s.
形容词的叠用
my 和 -’s可与一些形容词叠用，而两者之间也可相互叠用。比如：
1. my father’s bag
2. Jack’s tall and pretty girlfriend (pretty /’priti/
漂亮的)
3. her mum’s nice car
4. some of our teachers’ ideas
注意不要叠太多形容词！也不要叠用超过两个-’s！否则很可能会显得过于冗长而尴尬！比如：
× my tall father’s beautiful black small
bag
× Jack’s mum’s friend’s nice car
实践
在第二句话的横线处填入表示所有的词，使得句义与第一句话保持基本一致。
习题：
1. Mary has a green coat.
____ coat is green.
2. She has a lovely cat.
____ cat is lovely.
3. Evans has a large office.
____ office is large.
4. They have some excellent ideas.
____ ideas are excellent.
5. His dad has many expensive watches.
____ watches are expensive.
生词：
1. green /gri:n/ 绿色的
2. coat /kəut/
外套
3. excellent /’eks ələnt/
优秀的
4. Evans /’i:vənz/
5. large /la:dʒ/
大的
6. expensive /iks’pensiv/
昂贵的
7. watch /wɔtʃ/
手表
8. lovely /’lʌvli/
可爱的
9. cat /kæt/
猫
隐藏答案
1.Mary’scoat is green.
2.
Hercat is lovely.
3.
Evans’office is large.
4.
Their / Some of theirideas are excellent.
5.
His dad’s / Many of his dad’swatches are expensive.
