Identify and describe the facts clearly.
Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved.
Identify the stakeholders.
Identify the options that you can reasonably take.
Identify the potential consequences of your options.

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you (the Golden Rule).
If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone (Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative).
If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all (the slippery-slope rule).
Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value (Utilitarian Principle).
Take the action that produces the least harm or the least potential cost (the ethical “no free lunch” rule).

有道翻译:

清楚地识别和描述事实。
定义冲突或困境，并确定所涉及的高阶值。
识别利益相关者。
确定你可以合理选择的选项。
确定你的选择的潜在后果。

己所不欲，勿施于人(金科玉律)。
如果一个行为不适合所有人去做，那么它也不适合所有人(伊曼努尔·康德的定言令式)。
如果一个动作不能重复执行，那就根本不能执行(滑坡体法则)。
采取行动实现更高或更大的价值(功利原则)。
采取伤害最小或潜在成本最小的行动(道德上的“没有免费午餐”规则)。

引用

清风一榻庄周梦,明月扁舟范蠡湖