Centos7 下Mariadb 安装及权限设置

1. 安装

• rpm -qa|grep mariadb
  查看是否已经安装mariadb

• rpm -qa | grep mysql
  查看是否已经安装mysql

• yum -y remove XXX
  如果有则卸载

• su - root

• yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
  安装成功

• systemctl start mariadb
  设置开机启动

• systemctl enable mariadb
  接下来进行MariaDB的相关简单配置

• mysql_secure_installation
  首先是设置密码，会提示先输入密码

• Enter current password for root (enter for none):<–初次运行直接回车

• 设置密码
  Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车

• New password: <– 设置root用户的密码
  Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码

• 其他配置
  Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否删除匿名用户，回车
  Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root远程登录,回车,
  Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否删除test数据库,回车
  Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新加载权限表，回车

• 初始化MariaDB完成，接下来测试登录
  mysql -uroot -ppassword
  完成。

2、配置MariaDB的字符集

• 文件/etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
  在[mysqld]标签下添加

init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' 
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 
character-set-server=utf8 
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci 
skip-character-set-client-handshake

• 文件/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf
  在[client]中添加
  default-character-set=utf8

• 文件/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
  在[mysql]中添加
  default-character-set=utf8

• 全部配置完成，重启mariadb
  systemctl restart mariadb

• 之后进入MariaDB查看字符集
  mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
  显示为

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                      |
| character_set_database  | utf8                      |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                      |
| character_set_server    | utf8                      |
| character_set_system    | utf8                      |
| character_sets_dir      | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database  | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server    | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字符集配置完成。

注意: 这个时候,用其他服务器是不能登录数据库的,需要先设置权限
3、添加用户，设置权限

• 创建用户命令
  mysql>create user username@localhost identified by 'password';
  直接创建用户并授权的命令

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to username@'%' identified by 'password';
授予权限

如果只授予部分权限把 其中 all privileges 改为select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file其中一部分。

例如:
登录数据库后
执行:
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'hive'@'10.211.55.7' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';

切换到mysql数据库
use mysql
执行
MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT User, Host FROM user;

+----------+-------------+
| User     | Host        |
+----------+-------------+
| hive     | 10.211.55.7 |
| root     | 127.0.0.1   |
| root     | ::1         |
| root     | localhost   |
| username | localhost   |
+----------+-------------+

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/128880.htm

数据库权限:
https://www.cnblogs.com/snsdzjlz320/p/5764977.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/SQL888/p/5748824.html

忘记密码怎么办

1. 停止mysql进程
   1. systemctl stop mariadb.service
2. 以不检查权限的方式重新启动MySQL
   1. mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
3. 修改mysql密码
   1. mysql -u root
   2. update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('newpassword') where User='root’;
   3. flush privileges;
   4. quit
4. 关闭MySQL
   1. systemctl stop mariadb.service
5. 重新启动
   1. systemctl start mariadb.service
      —— 注意:
      当关闭不了mysql进程的时候,请使用kill .