python(15):函数(2)
2022-04-08 本文已影响0人
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1.返回值
函数并非总是直接显示输出,相反,它可以处理一些数据,并返回一个或一组值。函数返回的值被称为返回值。在函数中,可
使用return语句将值返回到调用函数的代码行
1.返回一个简单值
def get_formstted_name(first_name, last_name):
"""返回整洁的姓名"""
full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name
musician = get_formstted_name('da ming', 'zhang')#将值存储在变量musician中
print(musician)
da ming zhang
2.让实参变成可选的
有时候,需要让实参变成可选的,这样使用函数的人就只需要在必要时才提供额外的信息,可以使用默认值来让实参变成可选的。
例如,假设要拓展函数get_formstted_name(),使其还处理中间名,为此,可将其修改类似于下面这样
def get_formstted_name(first_name, middle_name, last_name):
"""返回整洁的姓名"""
full_name = first_name + ' ' + middle_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name
musician = get_formstted_name('da ming', 'li', 'zhang')#同时提供名,中间名,姓,这个函数就能正确运行。
print(musician)
da ming li zhang
#但是,并非所有的人都有中间名,如果只提供了了名和姓,函数将不能运行,为了让中间名变成可选的,可给实参 middle_name指定一个默认值:空字符串,并在用户没有提供中间名时不使用这个实参
def get_formstted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name=' '):
"""返回整洁的姓名"""
if middle_name:#如果函数中调用了中间名,if middle_name将为true,
full_name = first_name + ' ' + middle_name + ' ' + last_name
else:#如果没有提供中间名,if middle_name将为false,执行else语块
full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name
musician = get_formstted_name('da ming', 'li', 'zhang')
print(musician)
musician = get_formstted_name('da ming', 'zhang')
print(musician)
da ming zhang li
da ming zhang
3.返回字典
#函数可返回任何类型的值,包括列表和字典
def build_person(first_name, last_name):
"""返回一个字典,其中包含有关一个人的信息"""
person = {'first': first_name, 'last':last_name}
return person
musician = build_person('da ming', 'zhang')
print(musician)
{'first': 'da ming', 'last': 'zhang'}
#还可以存储年龄
def build_person(first_name, last_name, age=''):
"""返回一个字典,其中包含有关一个人的信息"""
person = {'first': first_name, 'last':last_name}
if age:
person['age'] = age
return person
musician = build_person('da ming', 'zhang',age=27)
print(musician)
{'first': 'da ming', 'last': 'zhang', 'age': 27}
4.结合使用函数和while循环
def get_formstted_name(first_name, last_name):
"""返回整洁的姓名"""
full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name
#这是一个无限循环
while True:
print('\nplease tell me your name:')
f_name = input('first name :')
l_name = input('last name :')
formstted_name = get_formstted_name(f_name, l_name)
print('\nhello, ' + formstted_name + '.')
please tell me your name:
first name :da ming
last name :zhang
hello, da ming zhang.
==========================================
def get_formstted_name(first_name, last_name):
"""返回整洁的姓名"""
full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name
#定义退出条件,退出无限循环
while True:
print('\nplease tell me your name:')
print("(enter 'q' at any time to quit)")#当输入q时,退出循环
f_name = input('first name :')
if f_name == 'q':
break
l_name = input('last name :')
if l_name == 'q':
break
formstted_name = get_formstted_name(f_name, l_name)
print('\nhello, ' + formstted_name + '.')
please tell me your name:
(enter 'q' at any time to quit)
first name :da ming
last name :zhang
hello, da ming zhang.
please tell me your name:
(enter 'q' at any time to quit)
first name :ni ni
last name :zhao
hello, ni ni zhao.
please tell me your name:
(enter 'q' at any time to quit)
first name :q