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Data Binding 笔记(一)

2020-01-01  本文已影响0人  simple_jie

Android Studio 中开启 Data Binding

android {
  dataBinding { enable true }
}

现有布局转换为 Data Binding 布局

选中原根布局,使用快捷键 alt + enter 打开操作面板,选择“Convert to data binding layout”


image.png

会在原布局外面生成如下代码

<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>

    </data>

     原布局...
  
</layout>

data 标记

<data> 标记中将包含layout variables,layout variables 将用于编写 layout expressions
layout expressions 用于给UI的属性赋值,格式为 @{ expression }
layout variables 的值可以直接通过ViewDataBinding对象赋值参考后面 变量申明 部分

例子如下

// Some examples of complex layout expressions
android:text="@{String.valueOf(index + 1)}"
android:visibility="@{age < 13 ? View.GONE : View.VISIBLE}"
android:transitionName='@{"image_" + id}

在Activity中初始化Data Binding对象

Data binding 库会自动生成 xxxxActivityBinding 类, 用DataBindingUtil工具类如下初始化ViewDataBinding对象

val binding: xxxxActivityBinding =
            DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.xxx_layout)

操作符

The expression language looks a lot like expressions found in managed code. You can use the following operators and keywords in the expression language:

<table><tr><td bgcolor=orange>背景色是:orange</td></tr></table>

以下操作等效
android:text="@{user.displayName ?? user.lastName}"
android:text="@{user.displayName != null ? user.displayName : user.lastName}"

集合应用示例

<data>
    <import type="android.util.SparseArray"/>
    <import type="java.util.Map"/>
    <import type="java.util.List"/>
    <variable name="list" type="List&lt;String>"/>
    <variable name="sparse" type="SparseArray&lt;String>"/>
    <variable name="map" type="Map&lt;String, String>"/>
    <variable name="index" type="int"/>
    <variable name="key" type="String"/>
</data>
…
android:text="@{list[index]}"
…
android:text="@{sparse[index]}"
…
android:text="@{map[key]}"

字符串引用

可以单引号和双引号结合使用的方式,达到应用字符串字面值的目的

android:text='@{map["firstName"]}'
android:text="@{map[`firstName`]}"

资源引用

android:padding="@{large? @dimen/largePadding : @dimen/smallPadding}"
//格式化字符串
android:text="@{@string/nameFormat(firstName, lastName)}"
android:text="@{@plurals/banana(bananaCount)}"

变量申明

 <data>
    <import type="com.example.android.databinding.basicsample.R"/>
    <import type="com.example.android.databinding.basicsample.util.ConverterUtil"/>
    <variable
          name="user"
          type="com.example.android.databinding.basicsample.data.ObservableFieldProfile" />
</data>

通过 import 标记引入类型
通过 variable 申明变量一个变量
在xml中我们我们就可以直接用引入的类,和变量书写表达式

<TextView
            android:id="@+id/name"
            android:text="@{user.name}"
...

            android:visibility="@{ConverterUtil.isZero(user.likes)}"

结合ViewModel使用

ViewModel申明了一个name的LiveData对象

class SimpleViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _name = MutableLiveData("Tim")
    val name: LiveData<String> = _name

在xml中直接申明一个ViewModel的变量,然后在后面的xml直接引用该liveData对象 @{viewmodel.name}

<data
        <variable
            name="viewmodel"
            type="com.example.android.databinding.basicsample.data.SimpleViewModel"/>
</data>
<TextView
            android:text="@{viewmodel.name}"

在Activity中对viewModel变量赋值,当viewModel的属性值变化时会直接影响UI变化

val binding: xxxxActivityBinding =
            DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.xxx_layout)
binding.viewmodel = viewModel

@BindingAdapter

使用@BindingAdapter修饰一个静态方法,把使用指定属性表达式的值与该方法建立绑定关系
定义如下方法

/**
 * Unused Binding Adapter to replace the Binding Converter that hides a view if the number
 * of likes is zero.
 */
@BindingAdapter("app:hideIfZero")
fun hideIfZero(view: View, number: Int) {
    view.visibility = if (number == 0) View.GONE else View.VISIBLE
}

以上方法为View添加了一个xml属性app:hideIfZero,接受一个int参数值。当number值为0时,设置View的visibility为GONE
使用如下

<ProgressBar
            android:id="@+id/progressBar"
            app:hideIfZero="@{viewmodel.likes}"

多参数值BindingAdapter方法

/**
 *  Sets the value of the progress bar so that 5 likes will fill it up.
 *
 *  Showcases Binding Adapters with multiple attributes. Note that this adapter is called
 *  whenever any of the attribute changes.
 */
@BindingAdapter(value = ["app:progressScaled", "android:max"], requireAll = true)
fun setProgress(progressBar: ProgressBar, scaled: Int, max: Int) {
    progressBar.progress = (scaled * max / 5).coerceAtMost(max)
}

为ProgressBar添加一个绑定方法,当同时具有app:progressScaled,android:max属性,并且其值皆为 @{} 表达式时,将关联到此方法;
requireAll为true表示要求所有属性都存在
如果为false,则未定义的熟悉值会以null,0等默认值出现

<ProgressBar
            android:id="@+id/progressBar"
            android:max="@{100}"
            app:progressScaled="@{viewmodel.likes}"
            app:hideIfZero="@{viewmodel.likes}"

@BindingMethods

让一个参数接受一个 layout expressions 作为参数值,可以用 BindingAdapter实现同样的功能

/**
 * `app:srcCompat` is an attribute used by the support library to integrate vector drawables. This
 * BindingMethod binds the attribute to the setImageDrawable method in the ImageView class.
 *
 * Binding methods have to be applied to any class in your project. Even an empty one.
 *
 * This is equivalent to:
 * ```
 *
 *   @BindingAdapter("app:srcCompat")
 *   @JvmStatic fun srcCompat(view: ImageView, @DrawableRes drawableId: Int) {
 *       view.setImageResource(drawable)
 *   }
 * ```
 */
@BindingMethods(
        BindingMethod(type = ImageView::class,
                attribute = "app:srcCompat",
                method = "setImageResource"))
class MyBindingMethods

@BindingConversion

自动转换 layout expressions 结果值为属性需要的类型值。
以下实现是把布尔值转换为int值。

/**
 * The number of likes is an integer and the visibility attribute takes an integer
 * (VISIBLE, GONE and INVISIBLE are 0, 4 and 8 respectively), so we use this converter.
 *
 * There is no need to specify that this converter should be used. [BindingConversion]s are
 * applied automatically.
 */
object BindingConverters{

    @BindingConversion
    @JvmStatic fun booleanToVisibility(isNotVisible: Boolean): Int {
        return if (isNotVisible) View.GONE else View.VISIBLE
    }
}

有了上面的定义之后,可以在xml中如下使用,整个过程完整自动,不需要任何引入

<TextView>
    android:visibility="@{false}"
</TextView>

事件处理

待更新

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