Python升级3.6 强力Django+杀手级Xadmin打造

2017-11-30 本文已影响639人吕阳

5

第5章通过xadmin快速搭建后台管理系统

通过xadmin结合第4章设计的model快速的搭建一套完整的后台管理系统；本章首先介绍django admin的简单使用，然后引出xadmin，在安装xadmin之后将model注册到xadmin中，最后完成xadmin的全局配置

权限管理
样式开发
快速开发
后台开发

5-1

setting更改语言.

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
#更改时区
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True
#更改为False,否则保存UTC的时间
USE_TZ = False

数据库报错,先不管他

5-2

安装xadmin
报错.
去github下载替换readme.rst
压缩zip

pip install xadmin.zip

setting设置.

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'users',
    'courses',
    'operation',
    'organization',
    'xadmin',
    'crispy_forms'

]

2.路由界面导入
MxOnline/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
import xadmin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]

迁移 makemigrations , migrate

5-3

apps/users/adminx.py

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
__author__ = 'lv'
__date__ = '2017/11/24 21:16'
import xadmin
from .models import EmailVerifyRecord, Banner, UserProfile


class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
    search_fields = ['code', 'email', 'send_type']
    list_filter = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
    model_icon = 'fa fa-address-book-o'


class BannerAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index']
    list_filter = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']

xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord, EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner, BannerAdmin)

6-1

配置MxOnline/urls

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
import xadmin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),

把js,image,css,存放的static目录下.
setting更改路径.index更改路径.

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static")
)

6-2

熟练打断点.
crsf掌握

6-7 注册

*配置网页的静态文件
MxOnline/setting

微信截图_20171128122946.png

template/register.html

微信截图_20171128123008.png

验证码框架

微信截图_20171128123524.png
验证码验证

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
    captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={"invalid":u"验证码错误"})

就是传入浏览器POST请求,表格验证,如果错误就返回错误信息.

6-9 发送邮件验证.

目的:用于发送注册,更改验证码
apps/utils/email_send.py


from random import Random

from django.core.mail import send_mail

from users.models import EmailVerifyRecord
from MxOnline.settings import EMAIL_FROM




def random_str(randomlength=8):
    str = ''
    chars = 'AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789'
    length = len(chars) - 1
    random = Random()
    for i in range(randomlength):
        str+=chars[random.randint(0, length)]
    return str


def send_register_email(email, send_type="register"):
    email_record = EmailVerifyRecord()
    code = random_str(16)
    email_record.code = code
    email_record.email = email
    email_record.send_type = send_type
    email_record.save()

    email_title = ""
    email_body = ""

    if send_type == "register":
        email_title = "慕学在线网注册激活链接"
        email_body = "请点击下面的链接激活你的账号: http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}".format(code)

        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        if send_status:
            pass

MxOnline/setting

EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.sina.com"
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = "projectsedu@sina.com"
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = "admin123"
EMAIL_USE_TLS= False
EMAIL_FROM = "projectsedu@sina.com"

6-10 测试发送邮件

测试就是在view界面调用了send_register_email(user_name, "register")
然后我用的QQ邮箱生效了.

6-11 判断用户是否注册了

忘记密码

ForgetPwdView
get 返回网页.
post 如果验证正确,发送邮件,否则提示失败.

7-1模板继承

父模板 {% block title %} dudududu {% endblock %}
子模板
{% 'base.html' %}
{% block title %} dadadada {% endblock %}

7-3 机构类别

上传文件地址.
setting配置media,还要配置url
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

model类lim

python2 def Unicode(self)

python3 def str(self):
return self.name

7-4

模板显示图片配置图片地址路径要设置setting地址

data-url="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ course_org.image }}

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                'django.core.context_processors.media',
            ],
        },
    },
]

还要在url里设置路径

url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {"document_root": MEDIA_ROOT}),

7-5 分页库

目标:给机构分页

安装分页库

pip install django-pure-pagination

setting添加pure-pagination

微信截图_20171129142254.png

views中写分页

        try:
            page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
        except PageNotAnInteger:
            page = 1

        p = Paginator(all_orgs, 5, request=request)

        orgs = p.page(page)

写模板

<div class="pageturn">
            <ul class="pagelist">
                {% if all_orgs.has_previous %}
                    <li class="long"><a href="?{{ all_orgs.previous_page_number.querystring }}">上一页</a></li>
                {% endif %}

                {% for page in all_orgs.pages %}
                    {% if page %}
                        {% ifequal page all_orgs.number %}
                            <li class="active"><a href="?{{ page.querystring }}">{{ page }}</a></li>
                        {% else %}
                            <li><a href="?{{ page.querystring }}" class="page">{{ page }}</a></li>
                        {% endifequal %}
                    {% else %}
                        <li class="none"><a href="">...</a></li>
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
                {% if all_orgs.has_next %}
                    <li class="long"><a href="?{{ all_orgs.next_page_number.querystring }}">下一页</a></li>
                {% endif %}

            </ul>
        </div>

报错说传入参数不对,是因为我导错包了,应该是pure-pagination我导入django本身的分页了.

7-6

学习人数,可成熟排序

增加字段

    students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"学习人数")
    course_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"课程数")

7-7

ModelForm
Form会对表单先验证再保存到数据库.

class UserAskForm(forms.Form):
        name = forms.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"姓名")
        mobile = forms.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name=u"手机")
        course_name = forms.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"课程名")

ModelForm可以简写成下面的

class UserAskForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = UserAsk
        fields = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']

7-9

开始撒欢听歌对代码编辑.因为都是流水账了,试试自己可以不可以.

就是urls--views--templates

机构主页

urls

url(r'^home/(?P<org_id>\d+)/$', OrgHomeView.as_view(), name="org_home"),

views

class OrgHomeView(View):
    """
    机构首页
    """
    def get(self, request, org_id):
        # 网页选项卡
        current_page = "home"
        # 通过传入机构id查找对应的课程
        course_org = CourseOrg.objects.get(id=int(org_id))
        # 增加点击数
        course_org.click_nums += 1

        course_org.save()
        has_fav = False
        # if request.user.is_authenticated():
        #     if UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_id=course_org.id, fav_type=2):
        #         has_fav = True

        all_courses = course_org.course_set.all()[:3]
        all_teachers = course_org.teacher_set.all()[:1]
        return render(request, 'org-detail-homepage.html', {
            'all_courses':all_courses,
            'all_teachers': all_teachers,
            'course_org':course_org,
            'current_page':current_page,
            'has_fav':has_fav
        })

templates这里我先编辑org_base.html和org-detail-homepage.html
退出,和用户,其他页面选项卡,还有收藏没有做在html链接更改成#

机构课程

urls

url(r'^course/(?P<org_id>\d+)/$', OrgCourseView.as_view(), name="org_course"),

views

class OrgCourseView(View):
    """
    机构课程列表页
    """
    def get(self, request, org_id):
        current_page = "course"
        course_org = CourseOrg.objects.get(id=int(org_id))
        has_fav = False
        # if request.user.is_authenticated():
        #     if UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_id=course_org.id, fav_type=2):
        #         has_fav = True
        all_courses = course_org.course_set.all()
        return render(request, 'org-detail-course.html', {
            'all_courses':all_courses,
            'course_org':course_org,
            'current_page':current_page,
            'has_fav':has_fav
        })

机构介绍

urls

url(r'^course/(?P<org_id>\d+)/$', OrgCourseView.as_view(), name="org_course"),

views

class OrgCourseView(View):
    """
    机构课程列表页
    """
    def get(self, request, org_id):
        current_page = "course"
        course_org = CourseOrg.objects.get(id=int(org_id))
        has_fav = False
        # if request.user.is_authenticated():
        #     if UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_id=course_org.id, fav_type=2):
        #         has_fav = True
        all_courses = course_org.course_set.all()
        return render(request, 'org-detail-course.html', {
            'all_courses':all_courses,
            'course_org':course_org,
            'current_page':current_page,
            'has_fav':has_fav
        })