MySQL经典50题-第6-10题
2021-03-16 本文已影响0人
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MySQL50-4-第6-10题
本文中介绍的是第6-10题,涉及到的主要知识点:
-
模糊匹配和通配符使用
-
表的自连接
-
in/not in
-
连接查询的条件筛选
题目6
题目需求
查询“李”姓老师的数量
分析过程
使用通配符和like来解决
SQL实现
select count(t_name) from Teacher where t_name like "李%"; -- 通配符
image
这题怕是最简单的吧😭
题目7
image题目需求
查询学过张三老师授课的同学的信息
分析过程
张三老师:Course--->t_name
课程:c_id------>Score.c_id------->Student.*
SQL实现
-- 方法1:通过张三老师的课程的学生来查找;自己的方法
select * -- 3. 通过学号找出全部学生信息
from Student
where s_id in (
select s_id -- 2.通过课程找出对应的学号
from Score S
join Course C
on S.c_id = C.c_id -- 课程表和成绩表
where C.t_id=(select t_id from Teacher where t_name="张三") -- 1.查询张三老师的课程
);
-- 方法2:通过张三老师的课程来查询
select s1.*
from Student s1
join Score s2
on s1.s_id=s2.s_id
where s2.c_id in (
select c_id from Course c where t_id=( -- 1. 通过老师找出其对应的课程
select t_id from Teacher t where t_name="张三"
)
)
-- 方法3
select s.* from Teacher t
left join Course c on t.t_id=c.t_id -- 教师表和课程表
left join Score sc on c.c_id=sc.c_id -- 课程表和成绩表
left join Student s on s.s_id=sc.s_id -- 成绩表和学生信息表
where t.t_name='张三';
自己的方法:
image方法2来实现:
image方法3实现:
image题目8
题目需求
找出没有学过张三老师课程的学生
分析过程
和上面👆的题目是互补的,考虑取反操作
SQL实现
select * -- 3. 通过学号找出全部学生信息
from Student
where s_id not in ( -- 2.通过学号取反:学号不在张三老师授课的学生的学号中
select s_id
from Score S
join Course C
on S.c_id = C.c_id
where C.t_id=(select t_id from Teacher where t_name ="张三") -- 1.查询张三老师的课程
);
-- 方法2:
select *
from Student s1
where s1.s_id not in (
select s2.s_id from Student s2 join Score s3 on s2.s_id=s3.s_id where s3.c_id in(
select c.c_id from Course c join Teacher t on c.t_id=t.t_id where t_name="张三"
)
);
-- 方法3
select s1.*
from Student s1
join Score s2
on s1.s_id=s2.s_id
where s2.c_id not in (
select c_id from Course c where t_id=( -- 1. 通过老师找出其对应的课程
select t_id from Teacher t where t_name="张三"
)
);
image
方法2:
image题目9
image题目需求
查询学过编号为01,并且学过编号为02课程的学生信息
分析过程
-
课程编号:
Score——>c_id
(课程编号) -
学生信息:
Student——>*
(学生信息)
SQL实现
-- 自己的方法:通过自连接实现
select s1.*
from Student s1
where s_id in (
select s2.s_id from Score s2
join Score s3
on s2.s_id=s3.s_id
where s2.c_id='01' and s3.c_id='02'
);
-- 方法2:直接通过where语句实现
select s1.*
from Student s1, Score s2, Score s3
where s1.s_id=s2.s_id
and s1.s_id=s3.s_id
and s2.c_id=01 and s3.c_id=02;
-- 方法3:两个子查询
-- 1. 先查出学号
select sc1.s_id
from (select * from Score s1 where s1.c_id='01') sc1,
(select * from Score s1 where s1.c_id='02') sc2
where sc1.s_id=sc2.s_id;
-- 2.找出学生信息
select *
from Student
where s_id in (select sc1.s_id -- 指定学号是符合要求的
from (select * from Score s1 where s1.c_id='01') sc1,
(select * from Score s1 where s1.c_id='02') sc2
where sc1.s_id=sc2.s_id);
- 先从Score表中看看哪些人是满足要求的:01-05同学是满足的
通过自连接查询的语句如下:
image查询出学号后再匹配出学生信息:
image通过where语句实现:
image方法3的实现:
image题目10
题目需求
查询学过01课程,但是没有学过02课程的学生信息(注意和上面👆题目的区别)
分析过程
使用的表和字段是相同的:
- 课程编号:
Score——>c_id
(课程编号) - 学生信息:
Student——>*
(学生信息)
SQL实现
首先看看哪些同学是满足要求的:只有06号同学是满足的
image错误思路1
直接将上面一题的结果全部排出,导致那些没有学过01课程的学生也出现了:07,08
select s1.*
from Student s1
where s_id not in ( -- 直接将上面一题的结果全部排出,导致那些没有学过01课程的学生也出现了:07,08
select s2.s_id from Score s2
join Score s3
on s2.s_id=s3.s_id
where s2.c_id='01' and s3.c_id ='02'
);
image
错误思路2
将上面题目中的02课程直接取反,导致同时修过01,02,03或者只修01,03的同学也会出现
select s1.*
from Student s1
where s_id in (
select s2.s_id from Score s2
join Score s3
on s2.s_id=s3.s_id
where s2.c_id='01' and s3.c_id !='02' -- 直接取反是不行的,因为修改(01,02,03)的同学也会出现
);
image
正确思路
https://www.jianshu.com/p/9abffdd334fa
-- 方法1:根据两种修课情况来判断
select s1.*
from Student s1
where s1.s_id in (select s_id from Score where c_id='01') -- 修过01课程,要保留
and s1.s_id not in (select s_id from Score where c_id='02'); -- 哪些人修过02,需要排除
image
!!!!!方法2:先把06号学生找出来
select * from Student where s_id in (
select s_id
from Score
where c_id='01' -- 修过01课程的学号
and s_id not in (select s_id -- 同时学号不能在修过02课程中出现
from Score
where c_id='02')
);
select s_id
from Score
where c_id='01' -- 修过01课程的学号
and s_id not in (select s_id -- 同时学号不能在修过02课程中出现
from Score
where c_id='02')
image
image
如何找出06号学生😃