笃学奖-Topic3-B17445-甘比学堂

Day8

1. barn(n/v)：a building for storing hay, grain, etc., and often for housing livestock

                     a very large garage for buses, trucks, etc.; carbarn

                     e.g:The grounds surrounding the ranch house and barn were in a state of disarray, with broken equipment strewn about

                Synonyms: farm building, outbuilding

2.cowshed(n):a shed serving as a shelter for cows

                 e.g:  He crept off to the cowshed, lay down on the straw and fell asleep

3. photovoltaic(adj): of, concerned with, or producing electric current or voltage caused by electromagnetic radiation, esp visible light from the sun

                   Synonym: electromotive force

4.manure(n/v): any natural or artificial substance for fertilizing the soil(肥料)

                    e.g: Also, Seoul will move to cut off its recent shipments of rice and manure to the North.

                Synonym: excrement, dropping

5.biogas(n): any gas fuel derived from the decay of organic matter(沼气)

                 e.g:  And the biogas from there is fuel for cooking lunch: another way to keep kids in school

6.anathema(n): a person or thing detested or loathed

                       e.g:In his opinion, the “path to citizenship” for immigrants, which is anathema to many conservatives, is absolutely essential

                      Synonyms: hate,detestation,bane

7.incumbent(n/adj) : holding an indicated position, role, office, etc., currently

                                the holder of an office

                            e.g:There was no way an incumbent president sitting on these kinds of economic figures could possibly be reelected

                            Synonym: urgent

8.dear(n/adj):  high-priced; expensive(文中的意思）/ Obsolete. difficult to get; scarce /  worthy; honorable

               Synonyms : expensive , prized, cherished.

9. perennial (adj): lasting for an indefinitely long time; enduring

                          e.g: Mothers who kill their children are a tragic and yet perennial news sensation

                      Synonyms :  perdurable; constant, incessant, continual. imperishable, undying, eternal, immortal

10. rebate(n/v): a return of part of the original payment for some service or merchandise; partial refund

                       e.g: When I went to get my rebate I was offered one pound eleven shillings.

                        Synonyms: reduction, payback, discount , repayment

11. glut(n): n/ to flood (the market) with a particular item or service so that the supply greatly exceeds the demand

                  v/ to eat to satiety or to excess

                  e.g：But should you lack the energy to sift through the glut of options yourself, we can at least helpfully endorse this one

                 Synonyms: stuff, satiate ,excess, superabundance

12. shale(n): a rock of fissile or laminated structure formed by the consolidation of clay

                    e.g:How the shale and sandstone layers are formed will be the subject of a future chapter

                   Synonyms: clay, sediment

13. megawatt(n): a unit of power, equal to one million watts

                     e.g:  A 110 megawatt plant in Nevada promises 10 hours of storage

14.havoc(n/v):great destruction or devastation; ruinous damage(大灾难）

                    e.g: Three men, two dead—just three men all told—had caused this havoc

                   Synonyms： ruin, devastate

15.punch(n/v) :  a thrusting blow, especially with the fist

                        Synonyms  : strike, hit

16.hydroelectric(adj):pertaining to the generation and distribution of electricity derived from the energy of falling water

                       e.g:  To make a living, he gets a job as a manager at a hydroelectric plant

17.doldrum(n):a state of inactivity or stagnation, as in business or art（萧条，抑郁）

               Synonyms: depression, gloom, melancholy, dejection

                 e.g:Just after 10 p.m. it becomes apparent that the doldrums are gone

18.backup(n/adj): n/ a person or thing that supports or reinforces another

                            v/ performing a secondary or supporting function

                       e.g: However, the North Colorado secessionists do have a backup plan

                          Synonyms :  substitute ,alternate,extra

19.diesel(n):noting a machine or vehicle powered by a diesel engine（柴油，机器）

                e.g:  The gasoline engine of former years has been displaced by diesel motors or adaptations of them

                 Synonyms:turbine,motor, weapon

20. insulate（v）： to cover, line, or separate with a material that prevents or reduces the passage, transfer, or leakage of heat, electricity, or sound

                e.g:They also insulate and isolate conservatives from real-world policy debates.

               Synonyms：shield，isolate，seclude

21. drag down： 挣工资，赚钱

22. cannibalise（v）：to remove parts, equipment, assets, employees, etc., from (an item, product, or business) in order to use them in another(拆，调配）

23.peg(n/v): v/ to hang things on

                         n/  a pin of wood or other material driven or fitted into something

                    e.g:Chris Christie casts a big political shadow—but one Democrat has stepped up to try to take him down a peg.

                   Synonyms : fix, clinch, tighten

24.dromedary(n) : the single-humped camel(单峰骆驼)

                         e.g:I went to see a dromedary, a very monstrous beast, much like the camel, but larger.

25.rooftop(n): the roof of a building, especially the outer surface

                 e.g: I watched from a rooftop as the cruise missiles thundered into various corners of Baghdad.

26.precipitous : extremely or impassably steep

                      Synonyms :abrupt, sheer, perpendicular

                    e.g:In 1965, despite the precipitous decline in the worker-to-retiree ratio, Social Security paid its bills with a 2.2% payroll tax

27.upheaval(n): strong or violent change or disturbance, as in a society

                       Synonyms : disruption, disorder, turmoil

                       e.g: The social services field was in continual upheaval and the future seemed bleak(不乐观的)

28. block chain : 车链

29.hub(n):  the central part of a wheel, as that part into which the spokes are inserted(核心）

                Synonyms:    core, pivot, heart

             e.g: And what about people who live in the South, the hub of the white-shoe rule, where there is warm weather year round?

30. thermostat（n）：a device, including a relay actuated by thermal conduction or convection, that functions to establish and maintain a desired temperature automatically or signals a change in temperature for manual adjustment.（恒温器）

                   e.g:   “I wanted to be able to control the thermostat, the attitudes, and the numbers,” he says, and got his wish.

                     Synonyms: regulator

Day10

1.turn upside down：翻过来

2.point out: (物理意义）：指出

                  （抽象意义）：举出，

3.issue： 文中相当于have，give（带有讽刺意味）

4.finance与fund的区别： finance通常是有回报的，而fund通常没有回报

                                       finance也有借钱来资助的意思。

5.pocket 在文中名词用作动词：把...兜起来

6.of the grid: 网的边缘，off the grid : 下网了，下线了

7.pour=put, 比put 形象很多

8.take the lead : 领头

9.not the role : 不是常规的，=exception

10.account for = take up :占据

11.there’s a long way to go :keep it up, way to go :革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力

     it goes a long way to achieving your purpose

12.a decade of :十年，decades of : 几十年

13.bring with=come with

14.to date: 至今

15.as yet: 迄今为止

16.perennial (adj):常年的，常青的

17.impose =push

18.in decline=drop=go down

19.starkly(adj):鲜明的，因为star很亮呀

20.slump / plummet / plunge /slip / fall / drop：

     slump：滑倒，下降，没有上升的可能性

    plummet/ plunge：快速下降

    slip：偷偷地下降（不注意）

    fall/ drop：正常地降

21.utilities：水电费

22.split in/ into：分成

    split into half：分成两半

23.write off： 折价，折损

24. marginal cost:边际成本

25. merit based：奖学金，need based：助学金

26.buck the trend: 抵抗这种趋势

27.death by a thousand cuts: 水滴石穿

28.fitful（adj)：不间断的，动荡的