html5源码笔记(四)【爱创课堂专业前端培训】

2019-08-22  本文已影响0人  爱创课堂

一、响应式的实现-媒介查询

@media

实现方式一:把media限定到link中

<div class="box1"></div>

<div class="box2"></div>

<!--响应式页面兼容移动端代码-->

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" />

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/media1.css" media="screen and (max-width:1000px)"/>

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/media2.css" media="screen and (min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1500px)"/>

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/media3.css" media="screen and (min-width:1500px)"/>

实现方式二:把media写到css代码中

留活口,ie兼容

@charset "utf-8";

*{

margin: 0;

padding: 0;

}

aside{

height: 200px;

width: 20%;

float: left;

background: orange;

}

div{

height: 200px;

width: 40%;

float: left;

}

div.box1{

background: blue;

}

div.box2{

background: pink;

}

@media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) and (max-width: 1500px) {

aside{

display: none;

}

div.box1{

width: 50%;

background: red;

}

div.box2{

width: 50%;

background: purple;

}

}

@media only screen and (max-width: 1000px) {

aside{

display: none;

}

div.box1{

width: 100%;

background: yellow;

}

div.box2{

width: 100%;

background: greenyellow;

}

1 }

二、bootstrap介绍

2.1 bootstrap概述

bootstrap 是世界上最受欢迎的前端框架,用于构建响应式、移动设备优先的网站。

bootstrap分为“全局css样式”、“组件”、“javascript插件”这么几个主要的部分。

设置全局 css 样式

基本的 html 元素均可以通过 class 设置样式并得到增强效果;还有先进的栅格系统。

组件

无数可复用的组件,包括字体图标、下拉菜单、导航、警告框、弹出框等更多功能。

javascript插件

jquery 插件为 bootstrap 的组件赋予了“生命”。可以简单地一次性引入所有插件,或者逐个引入到你的页面中。

2.2 bootstrap引入:

npm 需要安装环境node.js

cdn 在线方式,需要联网

离线的方式 下载引入自己的网站中

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-gn5384xqq1aowxa+058rxpxpg6fy4iwvtnh0e263xmfcjlsawiggfaw/dais6jxm" crossorigin="anonymous">

1  <!--<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"--> 

2.3 容器及标题标签

类名.container根据不同视口给出不同的方案,但是都是页面居中的效果

类名 .container-fluid 宽度百分百

标题标签 单位rem 改变了w3c标准样式

<div class="container border2">

  <!-- content here -->

  <h1>这是bootstrap</h1>

  <h2>这是bootstrap</h2>

  <h3>这是bootstrap</h3>

  <h4>这是bootstrap</h4>

  <h5>这是bootstrap</h5>

  <h6>这是bootstrap</h6>

1  </div>

2.4 媒体查询:

// small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)@media (min-width: 576px) { ... }

// medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)@media (min-width: 768px) { ... }

// large devices (desktops, 992px and up)@media (min-width: 992px) { ... }

// extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }

或:

// extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)@media (max-width: 575.98px) { ... }

// small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)@media (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 767.98px) { ... }

// medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991.98px) { ... }

// large devices (desktops, 992px and up)@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }

// extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }

2.5 网格布局

栅格系统用于通过一系列的行(row)与列(column)的组合来创建页面布局,你的内容就可以放入这些创建好的布局中

类名row 行必须包含在.container (固定宽度)或 .container-fluid (100% 宽度)中,以便为其赋予合适的排列(aligment)和内补(padding)。

类名 col- 列、栏通过“行(row)”在水平方向创建一组“列(column)”,内容应当放置于“列(column)”内,并且,只有“列(column)”可以作为行(row)”的直接子元素

一行一共有12栏,如果一行多余12栏,会自动换行

响应式:

.col-

.col-sm-

.col-md-

.col-lg-

.col-xl-

偏移值:

offset-  

<div class="container">

  <div class="row">

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

  </div>

  <div class="row">

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

  </div>

  <div class="row">

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

  </div>

  <div class="row">

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

    <div class="col-sm">

      one of three columns

    </div>

  </div>

</div>

<div class="container-fluid">

   <div class="row">

   <div class="col-2">

   col-2

   </div>

   <div class="col-8">

   col-8

   </div>

   <div class="col-2">

   col-2

   </div>

  </div>

  <div class="row">

   <div class="col-3">

   col-3

   </div>

   <div class="col-6">

   col-6

   </div>

   <div class="col-3">

   col-3

   </div>

  </div>

1  </div>

2.6 文本与排版

使用 Bootstrap 的排版特性,可以创建标题、段落、列表及其他内联元素,实际上它是把大部分在HTML的基本标签加了样式。

<div class="container">

<p class="text-left text-success bg-info">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>

<p class="text-center text-info bg-warning">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>

<p class="text-right text-warning bg-success">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>

<p class="text-hide"</p>

<p class="text-danger bg-primary">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>

<p class="text-muted bg-danger">这是关于排版和文本效果的应用</p>

1  </div>

2.7 表格

1 默认样式

2 .table

3 可选样式

4 .table-striped为表格提供了斑马线的样式

5 .table-bordered为表格增加边框(border)

6 .table-hover 为表格中的每一行赋予鼠标悬停样式。鼠标划过后会添加一个背景色。

7 .table-condensed 每个单元格的内补(padding)减半,可使表格更紧凑。

<div class="container">

<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-warning table-sm">

  <thead>

    <tr class="bg-danger">

      <th scope="col">#</th>

      <th scope="col">First</th>

      <th scope="col">Last</th>

      <th scope="col">Handle</th>

    </tr>

  </thead>

  <tbody>

    <tr>

      <th scope="row">1</th>

      <td>Mark</td>

      <td>Otto</td>

      <td>@mdo</td>

    </tr>

    <tr>

      <th scope="row">2</th>

      <td>Jacob</td>

      <td>Thornton</td>

      <td>@fat</td>

    </tr>

    <tr>

      <th scope="row">3</th>

      <td>Larry</td>

      <td>the Bird</td>

      <td>@twitter</td>

    </tr>

  </tbody>

</table>

1  </div>

2.7 表单

2.8 按钮

<div class="container-fluid">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">Light</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-dark">Dark</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>

</div>

<div class="container">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>

</div>

<div class="container">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">按钮</button>

1  </div>

2.9 卡片 面包屑

<div class="container">

<div class="row">

<div class="col-4">

<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">

  <img class="card-img-top" src="images/1.jpg" alt="Card image cap">

  <div class="card-body">

    <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

    <p class="card-text">Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.</p>

    <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>

  </div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="col-4">

<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">

  <img class="card-img-top" src="images/1.jpg" alt="Card image cap">

  <div class="card-body">

    <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

    <p class="card-text">Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.</p>

    <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>

  </div>

</div>

</div>

<div class="col-4">

<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">

  <img class="card-img-top" src="images/1.jpg" alt="Card image cap">

  <div class="card-body">

    <h5 class="card-title">Card title</h5>

    <p class="card-text">Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.</p>

    <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Go somewhere</a>

  </div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

1  </div>

2.9 轮播图

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<title></title>

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bootstrap-4.0.0-dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>

<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

<div id="carouselExampleIndicators" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">

  <ol class="carousel-indicators">

    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>

    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="1"></li>

    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="2"></li>

  </ol>

  <div class="carousel-inner">

    <div class="carousel-item active">

      <img class="d-block w-100" src="images/1.jpg" alt="First slide">

    </div>

    <div class="carousel-item">

      <img class="d-block w-100" src="images/2.jpg" alt="Second slide">

    </div>

    <div class="carousel-item">

      <img class="d-block w-100" src="images/3.jpg" alt="Third slide">

    </div>

  </div>

  <a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="prev">

    <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>

    <span class="sr-only">Previous</span>

  </a>

  <a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="next">

    <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>

    <span class="sr-only">Next</span>

  </a>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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