前端布局-flex

2019-05-10  本文已影响0人  justnomomo

1. 简介

Flex 布局,可以简便、完整、响应式地实现各种页面布局。目前,它已经得到了所有浏览器的支持。
flex是一种一维的布局,一次只能处理一行或一列。作为对比的是grid布局,它是二维布局,可以同时处理行和列上的布局(稍后会写另一篇笔记)。
任何一个容器都可以指定为 Flex 布局。设为 Flex 布局以后,容器中的直系子元素就会变成flex元素。flex元素的float、clear和vertical-align属性将失效。

<div class="flex">
  <div class="item item-1">item1</div>
  <div class="item item-2">item2</div>
</div>
<style>
.flex{
  display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
  display:flex;
}
</style>

2.属性介绍

2.1 容器属性

.flex {
  display: flex | inline-flex;
  flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse; /*决定主轴的方向(即项目的排列方向),默认为row*/
  flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;/*如果一条轴线排不下,如何换行,默认为nowrap*/
  flex-flow:  <flex-direction> || <flex-wrap>;/*flex-direction和flex-wrap的简写,默认为row nowrap*/
  justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around;/*项目在主轴上的对齐方式,默认flex-start*/
  align-items: flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;/*项目在交叉轴上的对齐方式,默认stretch*/
  align-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | stretch;/*多根主轴的对齐方式。若只有一根主轴,属性无效,默认stretch*/
}

2.2 子元素属性

.item {
  order: <integer>; /*项目的排列顺序。数值越小,排列越靠前,默认为0*/
  flex-grow: <number>; /* 项目的放大比例,默认为0,即如果存在剩余空间,也不放大*/
  flex-shrink: <number>; /*项目的缩小比例,默认为1,即如果空间不足,该项目将缩小*/
  flex-basis: <length> | auto;/*在分配多余空间之前,项目占据的主轴空间。浏览器根据这个属性,计算主轴是否有多余空间。它的默认值为auto,即项目内容的尺寸。它可以设为跟width或height属性一样的值(比如350px),则项目将占据固定空间*/
  flex: none | auto | [ <'flex-grow'> <'flex-shrink'>? || <'flex-basis'> ]; /*是flex-grow,flex-shrink,flex-basis的简写,默认是0 1 auto。none等同于0 0 auto,auto等同于1 1 auto*/
  align-self: auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;/*设置单个项目的对齐方式,可覆盖align-items属性,默认为auto,表示继承父元素的align-items属性,若没有父元素,则等同于stretch*/
}

flex元素默认行为即:

3.常用效果实现

左侧宽固定,右侧弹性,高度不固定

<div class="flex">
  <div class="item-1">left fix 50px</div>
  <div class="item-2">right auto</div>
</div>
<style>
.flex{
  display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
  display:flex;
  height:100px;
}
.flex .item-1{
  width:50px;
}
.flex .item-2{
  flex:1;
}
</style>
上下左右居中
<div class="flex">
  <div class="item-1">上下左右居中</div>
</div>
<style>
.flex{
  display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
  display:flex;
  justify-content:center;
  align-items:center;
  height:50px;
  border:1px solid #ccc;
}
.flex .item-1{
  background:green;
}
</style>
导航条
  <nav>
    <ul>
        <li><a href="#">项目1</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">项目2</a></li>
        <li class="push-right"><a href="#">个人中心</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">帮助</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
<style>
nav ul {
  display: flex;
  margin: 0 -10px;
  list-style:none;
  padding:0;
}
nav li {
  margin: 0 10px;
}
.push-right {
  margin-left: auto; /*使用margin:auto在主轴上对齐*/
}
</style>
圣杯布局
<div class="flex">
  <div class="item-header">header</div>
  <div class="item-main">
    <div class="item-content">content</div>
    <div class="item-left">left</div>
    <div class="item-right">right</div>
  </div>
  <div class="item-footer">
    <p>center</p>
  </div>
</div>
<style>
.flex{
  display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
  display:flex;
  flex-direction:column;
  border:1px solid #ccc;
  height: 100vh;
}
.flex .item-header{
  height:30px;
  border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;
}
.flex .item-footer{
  height:30px;
  border-top:1px solid #ccc;
  text-align:center;
  display:flex;
  justify-content:center;
  align-items:center;
}
.flex .item-main{
  flex-grow:1;
  display:flex;
}
.flex .item-left{
  order:-1;
  flex-basis:50px;
  border-right:1px solid green;
  background:pink;
}
.flex .item-right{
  flex-basis:50px;
  border-left:1px solid green;
  background:yellow;
}
.flex .item-content{
  flex-grow:1;
  background:red;
}

@media (max-width: 350px) {
  .flex .item-main {
    flex-direction: column;
    flex-grow:1;
  }
  .flex .item-left,
  .flex .item-right,
  .flex .item-content {
    flex: auto;
  }
}
</style>
骰子
  <div class="saizi">
    <div class="flex flex-4 flex-4-1">
      <div class="item"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="flex flex-4 flex-4-2">
      <div class="item"></div>
      <div class="item"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="flex flex-4 flex-4-3">
      <div class="item"></div>
      <div class="item"></div>
      <div class="item"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="flex flex-4 flex-4-4">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="row">
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="flex flex-4 flex-4-5">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="row">
        <div class="item"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="row">
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="flex flex-4 flex-4-6">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="row">
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
        <div class="item"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
<style>
.saizi{
  border:1px solid #ccc;
}
.flex-4{
  width:50px;
  height:50px;
  border:1px solid black;
  display:inline-flex;
  border-radius:4px;
  vertical-align:top;
  padding:5px;
}
.flex-4 .item{
  background:black;
  width:15px;
  height:15px;
  border-radius:50%;
}
.flex-4-1{
  justify-content:center;
  align-items:center;
}
.flex-4-2{
  justify-content:space-around;
  align-items:center;
}
.flex-4-3{
  justify-content:space-around;
}
.flex-4-3 .item:nth-child(2){
  align-self:center;
}
.flex-4-3 .item:nth-child(3){
  align-self:flex-end;
}
.flex-4-4{
  flex-direction:column;
  justify-content:space-around;
}
.flex-4-4 .row{
  display:flex;
  width:100%;
  justify-content:space-around;
}
.flex-4-5{
  justify-content:space-around;
}
.flex-4-5 .row{
  width:100%;
  display:flex;
  flex-direction:column;
  justify-content:space-between;
  align-items:center;
}
.flex-4-5 .row:nth-child(2){
  justify-content:center;
}
.flex-4-6{
  justify-content:space-around;
}
.flex-4-6 .row{
  display:flex;
  flex-direction:column;
  justify-content: space-around;
}
</style>

示例代码

参考:阮一峰老师的教程:
Flex 布局教程:语法篇
Flex 布局教程:实例篇
使用自动的外边距在主轴上对齐

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