Ubuntu安装配置Nginx、PHP、MySQL

2018-02-11 本文已影响189人 VitaAin

参考：一步一步教你部署自己的 Laravel 应用&程序到服务器

安装PHP 7.1
- apt-get update
- apt-get install -y language-pack-en-base，安装 Php7.1 之前，要先安装language-pack-en-base这个包
  
  这个包是为了解决系统不同语言之间可能发生的冲突，安装之后可以减少许多因语言编码带来的问题。其中-y参数表明直接安装，无需确认。
- locale-gen en_US.UTF-8，设定语言编码为UTF-8
- apt-get install git vim，安装Git、Vim
- 下面采用ppa方式安装php7.1：
- apt-get install software-properties-common，
  
  software-properties-common是add-apt-repository所依赖的包
- LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php，添加php7的ppa，注意LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8参数告诉我们系统语言为UTF-8，如果没有，可能会出现错误，如阿里云的服务器。
- apt-get update，更新安装包，把刚才添加的包拉取下来
- apt-cache search php7.1，搜索php7.1开头的包检验是否安装成功，输出如下：
```
root@demo:~# apt-cache search php7.1
php-yaml - YAML-1.1 parser and emitter for PHP
php-apcu - APC User Cache for PHP
php-ssh2 - Bindings for the libssh2 library
php-igbinary - igbinary PHP serializer
php-mailparse - Email message manipulation for PHP
php-libsodium - PHP wrapper for the Sodium cryptographic library
php-propro - propro module for PHP
php-raphf - raphf module for PHP

....................省略...........................
```
- apt-get -y install php7.1 ，安装php
- php -v，查看是否安装成功，成功则输出如下：
```
PHP 7.1.0beta2 (cli) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.1.0beta2, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies
```
- apt-get -y install php7.1-mysql，安装php7.1-mysql，Php7.1 与 mysql 的通信模块
- apt-get install php7.1-fpm，安装 fpm，这是Nginx 用来解析php文件的
- apt-get install php7.1-curl php7.1-xml php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-json php7.1-gd php7.1-mbstring php7.1-zip，安装其他必备模块
```
// 查看已安装模块
php -m
```

安装MySQL

apt-get update
apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client，安装MySQL

mysql -V，查看版本，输出如下：

root@demo:~# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.15, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

启动与停止

service mysql start
service mysql stop

是否在运行
```
netstat -tap | grep mysql
```

安装Nginx
- apt update
- apt-get -y install nginx，安装Nginx
- 访问IP可查看到Nginx引导页
配置PHP
- vim /etc/php/7.1/fpm/php.ini，输入/fix_pathinfo搜索，将cgi.fix_pathinfo=1改为`cgi.fix_pathinfo=0``
编辑fpm的配置文件
- vim /etc/php/7.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf，找到listen = /run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock修改为listen = /var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock。当然，你也可以不修改，但必须前后一致，后面会用到这个配置

配置Nginx

vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default，主要是配置server这一部分，最终配置如下:

server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;

        root /var/www/[project-name]/public;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;

        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        server_name xxx.xx;

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
                # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
                # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {
                try_files $uri /index.php =404;
                fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
        }
}

解释：

root：是你的项目的public目录，也就是网站的入口
index：添加了，index.php，告诉Nginx先解析index.php文件
server_name：你的域名，没有的话填写localhost
location / try_files修改为了try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
location ~ \.php$部分告诉Nginx怎么解析Php，原封不动复制即可，但注意：fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;的目录要和fpm的配置文件中的listen一致。

Vue工程部署到Ngnix

npm run build，编译Vue工程，工程根目录下生成dist目录
查看nginx配置文件（/etc/nginx/sites-available/default），查看root路径（如：root /var/www/vitahome/public;），将dist目录下内容复制到该路径下
浏览器中访问IP或域名即可

Laravel工程部署到Nginx

参考：搭建nginx服务器配置laravel

如何把laravel项目部署到服务器上

在阿里云的ECS上部署Laravel项目

备注：当前服务器Nginx上已部署了一个Vue工程
创建Laravel项目
- composer安装
```
cd ~
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
```
- 设置composer全局使用
```
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
```
- 创建Laravel工程：vitahomebackend，在/var/www目录下直接执行：
```
composer create-project laravel/laravel vitahomebackend
```
- /var/www/是属于root用户的，而访问网站的用户则需要正确的权限和访问限制：
```
chmod -R :www-data /var/www/vitahomebackend
```
- 根据Laravel的官方文档，/var/www/vitahomebackend/storage目录需要给网站的用户写权限
```
chmod -R 775 /var/www/vitahomebackend/storage
```
cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/vitahomebackend，复制default配置文件到其目录下，换个名字，用于要部署的Lavavel工程

vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/vitahomebackend，修改Lavarel工程配置文件（:set nu打开行号），修改后如下：

##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
  // 注释掉了原来的配置，下面那条是自己手写的80端口
  # listen 80 default_server;
  # listen [::]:80 default_server;
  listen 80;

  # SSL configuration
  #
  # listen 443 ssl default_server;
  # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
  #
  # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
  # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
  #
  # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
  # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
  #
  # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
  # Don't use them in a production server!
  #
  # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

  // 配置本地的laravel工程目录
  root /var/www/vitahomebackend/public;

  # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
  // 添加了一个 index.php ，原来是没有的
  index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

  // 域名或IP，注意：域名需要在阿里云后台增加域名解析
  server_name xxx.xxxx.xxx;

  location / {
      # First attempt to serve request as file, then
      # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
      # try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
      // 将下面的指令放到站点配置文件中就可以实现美化链接的功能
      try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
  }

  # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  #
  
  location ~ \.php$ {
      fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
      include fastcgi_params;
  }

  # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
  # concurs with nginx's one
  #
  #location ~ /\.ht {
  #   deny all;
  #}
}
# Virtual Host configuration for example.com  
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.  
# server {
# listen 80;
# listen [::]:80; 
#
# server_name example.com; 
#
# root /var/www/example.com;
# index index.html; 
#
# location / {
#     try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
# }

注意：Lavarel工程的配置文件内容与Vue工程的不一样，必须要修改，否则在添加软连接后启动Nginx会报错：

 Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

Nginx启动与停止
```
service nginx stop
service nginx start
```
配置站点，添加软连接
```
cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/vitahomebackend ./
```
执行后，/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下会生成一个文件vitahomebackend
重启Nginx，成功后即可用域名访问对应的工程页面

`php artisan serve`运行报错

错误信息：

PHP Warning:  require(/var/www/vitahomebackend/vendor/autoload.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /var/www/vitahomebackend/artisan on line 18
PHP Fatal error:  require(): Failed opening required '/var/www/vitahomebackend/vendor/autoload.php' (include_path='.:/usr/share/php') in /var/www/vitahomebackend/artisan on line 18

错误原因：

网站根目录下缺少vendor这个存放laraver依赖包的目录
解决方法：
- 没有安装过的情况下，使用composer install进行安装
- 以前安装过的话使用：composer update
参考：Laravel访问出错错误信息：`Warning: require(/vendor/autoload.php): failed to open stream: No such file or dire 解决方法

Ubuntu安装配置Nginx、PHP、MySQL

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Laravel工程部署到Nginx

`php artisan serve`运行报错

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