odooOdoo 10 Learnodoo开发手册

odoo V10中文参考手册（指导规范）

2017-04-13  本文已影响5742人  XiaoHaiYang

指导规范

模块构造

文件夹

模块的文件夹列表及对应作用：

文件命名

一般把后台视图和前端页面视图分两个文件夹存放。一系列业务model放置在一个文件里，如果只有一个model它的名字就与模型名一致。如：

数据文件根据其内容分开命名，如果demo和data，文件名是以主模型名命令，并以_demo.xml,_data.xml结尾
控制器中唯一的文件被命名为main.py。如果需要从其他的模块中继承控制器，就命令为<module_name>.py
由于静态文件在前端页面和后台页面是共用的，css、js、xml文件一般以该组的名字来结尾如：im_chat_common.css, im_chat_common.js,如果模块只有唯一一个文件，就直接用module_name.ext
对于wizards，一般命名为<main_transient>.py,<main_transient>_views.xml
对于报表，一般命名为<report_name_A>_report.py,<report_name_A>_report_views.py
对于打印报表，一般命名为<print_report_name>_reports.py , <print_report_name>_templates.xml

完整的文件列表如下：

addons/<my_module_name>/
|-- __init__.py
|-- __manifest__.py
|-- controllers/
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- <inherited_module_name>.py
|   `-- main.py
|-- data/
|   |-- <main_model>_data.xml
|   `-- <inherited_main_model>_demo.xml
|-- models/
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- <main_model>.py
|   `-- <inherited_main_model>.py
|-- report/
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- <main_stat_report_model>.py
|   |-- <main_stat_report_model>_views.xml
|   |-- <main_print_report>_reports.xml
|   `-- <main_print_report>_templates.xml
|-- security/
|   |-- ir.model.access.csv
|   `-- <main_model>_security.xml
|-- static/
|   |-- img/
|   |   |-- my_little_kitten.png
|   |   `-- troll.jpg
|   |-- lib/
|   |   `-- external_lib/
|   `-- src/
|       |-- js/
|       |   `-- <my_module_name>.js
|       |-- css/
|       |   `-- <my_module_name>.css
|       |-- less/
|       |   `-- <my_module_name>.less
|       `-- xml/
|           `-- <my_module_name>.xml
|-- views/
|   |-- <main_model>_templates.xml
|   |-- <main_model>_views.xml
|   |-- <inherited_main_model>_templates.xml
|   `-- <inherited_main_model>_views.xml
`-- wizard/
    |-- <main_transient_A>.py
    |-- <main_transient_A>_views.xml
    |-- <main_transient_B>.py
    `-- <main_transient_B>_views.xml

XML文件

格式

当定义一个记录的xml时，需要一个<record>标记:

<record id="view_id" model="ir.ui.view">
    <field name="name">view.name</field>
    <field name="model">object_name</field>
    <field name="priority" eval="16"/>
    <field name="arch" type="xml">
        <tree>
            <field name="my_field_1"/>
            <field name="my_field_2" string="My Label" widget="statusbar" statusbar_visible="draft,sent,progress,done" />
        </tree>
    </field>
</record>

odoo还支持一些自定义的标签如：

命名xml_id

安全、视图和action

<!-- views and menus -->
<record id="model_name_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
    ...
</record>

<record id="model_name_view_kanban" model="ir.ui.view">
    ...
</record>

<menuitem
    id="model_name_menu_root"
    name="Main Menu"
    sequence="5"
/>
<menuitem
    id="model_name_menu_action"
    name="Sub Menu 1"
    parent="module_name.module_name_menu_root"
    action="model_name_action"
    sequence="10"
/>

<!-- actions -->
<record id="model_name_action" model="ir.actions.act_window">
    ...
</record>

<record id="model_name_action_child_list" model="ir.actions.act_window">
    ...
</record>

<!-- security -->
<record id="module_name_group_user" model="res.groups">
    ...
</record>

<record id="model_name_rule_public" model="ir.rule">
    ...
</record>

<record id="model_name_rule_company" model="ir.rule">
    ...
</record>

继承xml

继承视图的命名方式是<base_view>_inherit_<current_module_name>

<record id="inherited_model_view_form_inherit_my_module" model="ir.ui.view">
    ...
</record>

python

PEP8

使用linter来帮助显示语法错误和警告，odoo遵循了大部分的python标准，但忽略了以下几项：

导入

导入的顺序为：

  1. 导入标准库，每个库一行
  2. 导入odoo
  3. 从odoo模块导入（需要的时候）
# 1 : imports of python lib
import base64
import re
import time
from datetime import datetime
# 2 :  imports of odoo
import odoo
from odoo import api, fields, models # alphabetically ordered
from odoo.tools.safe_eval import safe_eval as eval
from odoo.tools.translate import _
# 3 :  imports from odoo modules
from odoo.addons.website.models.website import slug
from odoo.addons.web.controllers.main import login_redirect

符合习惯的python编程

# bad
new_dict = my_dict.clone()
new_list = old_list.clone()
# good
new_dict = dict(my_dict)
new_list = list(old_list)

# -- creation empty dict
my_dict = {}
my_dict2 = dict()

# -- creation with values
# bad
my_dict = {}
my_dict['foo'] = 3
my_dict['bar'] = 4
# good
my_dict = {'foo': 3, 'bar': 4}

# -- update dict
# bad
my_dict['foo'] = 3
my_dict['bar'] = 4
my_dict['baz'] = 5
# good
my_dict.update(foo=3, bar=4, baz=5)
my_dict = dict(my_dict, **my_dict2)

# pointless
schema = kw['schema']
params = {'schema': schema}
# simpler
params = {'schema': kw['schema']}

# a bit complex and with a redundant temp variable
def axes(self, axis):
        axes = []
        if type(axis) == type([]):
                axes.extend(axis)
        else:
                axes.append(axis)
        return axes

 # clearer
def axes(self, axis):
        if type(axis) == type([]):
                return list(axis) # clone the axis
        else:
                return [axis] # single-element list

bool([]) is False
bool([1]) is True
bool([False]) is True

# creates a temporary list and looks bar
for key in my_dict.keys():
        "do something..."
# better
for key in my_dict:
        "do something..."
# creates a temporary list
for key, value in my_dict.items():
        "do something..."
# only iterates
for key, value in my_dict.iteritems():
        "do something..."

# longer.. harder to read
values = {}
for element in iterable:
    if element not in values:
        values[element] = []
    values[element].append(other_value)

# better.. use dict.setdefault method
values = {}
for element in iterable:
    values.setdefault(element, []).append(other_value)

odoo中编程

让你的方法可以批量处理

当添加一个函数时，确保它可以处理多重数据，如通过api.multi()装饰器，可以在self上进行循环处理

@api.multi
def my_method(self)
    for record in self:
        record.do_cool_stuff()

避免使用api.one装饰器，因为它可能不会像你想象中一样工作。
为了更好的性能，比如当定义一个状态按钮时，不在api.multi循环里用search和search_count方法，而用read_group一次计算

@api.multi
def _compute_equipment_count(self):
""" Count the number of equipement per category """
    equipment_data = self.env['hr.equipment'].read_group([('category_id', 'in', self.ids)], ['category_id'], ['category_id'])
    mapped_data = dict([(m['category_id'][0], m['category_id_count']) for m in equipment_data])
    for category in self:
        category.equipment_count = mapped_data.get(category.id, 0)

扩散上下文环境

在新API中，context变量是不能修改的。可以通过with_context来使用新的运行环境调用方法。

records.with_context(new_context).do_stuff() # all the context is replaced
records.with_context(**additionnal_context).do_other_stuff() # additionnal_context values override native context ones

如果需要创建一个新的context来对某对象进行操作， 选择一个好名字，以模块名为前缀用隔离它的影响，如：mail_create_nosubscribe, mail_notrack, mail_notify_user_signature...

尽量使用ORM

当ORM可以实现的时候尽量使用ORM而不要直接写sql，因为它可能会绕过orm的一些规则如权限、事务等
，还会让代码变得难读且不安全。

# very very wrong
self.env.cr.execute('SELECT id FROM auction_lots WHERE auction_id in (' + ','.join(map(str, ids))+') AND state=%s AND obj_price > 0', ('draft',))
auction_lots_ids = [x[0] for x in self.env.cr.fetchall()]

# no injection, but still wrong
self.env.cr.execute('SELECT id FROM auction_lots WHERE auction_id in %s '\
           'AND state=%s AND obj_price > 0', (tuple(ids), 'draft',))
auction_lots_ids = [x[0] for x in self.env.cr.fetchall()]

# better
auction_lots_ids = self.search([('auction_id','in',ids), ('state','=','draft'), ('obj_price','>',0)])

不要进行sql注入

不要用python的+号连接符、%解释符来拼sql

self.env.cr.execute('SELECT distinct child_id FROM account_account_consol_rel ' +
           'WHERE parent_id IN ('+','.join(map(str, ids))+')')

# better
self.env.cr.execute('SELECT DISTINCT child_id '\
           'FROM account_account_consol_rel '\
           'WHERE parent_id IN %s',
           (tuple(ids),))

尽量把方法写的短而简单

不要手动提交事务

odoo有自己的一套机制用于事务处理

正确的使用翻译方法

odoo用一个下划线方法来表明某字段需要翻译，该方法通过from odoo.tools.translate import _导入
一般情况下该方法只能被用在手动写在代码里的字符串的翻译，不能用在动态的值中，翻译方法的调用只能是_('literal string')，里面不能加其他的。

# good: plain strings
error = _('This record is locked!')

# good: strings with formatting patterns included
error = _('Record %s cannot be modified!') % record

# ok too: multi-line literal strings
error = _("""This is a bad multiline example
             about record %s!""") % record
error = _('Record %s cannot be modified' \
          'after being validated!') % record

# bad: tries to translate after string formatting
#      (pay attention to brackets!)
# This does NOT work and messes up the translations!
error = _('Record %s cannot be modified!' % record)

# bad: dynamic string, string concatenation, etc are forbidden!
# This does NOT work and messes up the translations!
error = _("'" + que_rec['question'] + "' \n")

# bad: field values are automatically translated by the framework
# This is useless and will not work the way you think:
error = _("Product %s is out of stock!") % _(product.name)
# and the following will of course not work as already explained:
error = _("Product %s is out of stock!" % product.name)

# bad: field values are automatically translated by the framework
# This is useless and will not work the way you think:
error = _("Product %s is not available!") % _(product.name)
# and the following will of course not work as already explained:
error = _("Product %s is not available!" % product.name)

# Instead you can do the following and everything will be translated,
# including the product name if its field definition has the
# translate flag properly set:
error = _("Product %s is not available!") % product.name

格式化字符串如%s, %d需要被保留，并以更明确的方式使用：

# Bad: makes the translations hard to work with
error = "'" + question + _("' \nPlease enter an integer value ")

# Better (pay attention to position of the brackets too!)
error = _("Answer to question %s is not valid.\n" \
          "Please enter an integer value.") % question

符号和习惯

class AccountInvoice(models.Model):
    ...

class account_invoice(osv.osv):
    ...

ResPartner = self.env['res.partner']
partners = ResPartner.browse(ids)
partner_id = partners[0].id

One2Many， Many2Many字段一般以ids作为后缀如：sale_order_line_ids
Many2One 一般以_id为后缀如：partner_id, user_id

class Event(models.Model):
    # Private attributes
    _name = 'event.event'
    _description = 'Event'

    # Default methods
    def _default_name(self):
        ...

    # Fields declaration
    name = fields.Char(string='Name', default=_default_name)
    seats_reserved = fields.Integer(oldname='register_current', string='Reserved Seats',
        store=True, readonly=True, compute='_compute_seats')
    seats_available = fields.Integer(oldname='register_avail', string='Available Seats',
        store=True, readonly=True, compute='_compute_seats')
    price = fields.Integer(string='Price')

    # compute and search fields, in the same order of fields declaration
    @api.multi
    @api.depends('seats_max', 'registration_ids.state', 'registration_ids.nb_register')
    def _compute_seats(self):
        ...

    # Constraints and onchanges
    @api.constrains('seats_max', 'seats_available')
    def _check_seats_limit(self):
        ...

    @api.onchange('date_begin')
    def _onchange_date_begin(self):
        ...

    # CRUD methods (and name_get, name_search, ...) overrides
    def create(self, values):
        ...

    # Action methods
    @api.multi
    def action_validate(self):
        self.ensure_one()
        ...

    # Business methods
    def mail_user_confirm(self):
        ...

Javascript和CSS

javascript:

odoo.website.if_dom_contains('.jquery_class_selector', function () {
    /*your code here*/
});

CSS:

GIT

建议看专门的GIT教程

更新API

http://www.odoo.com/documentation/10.0/reference/upgrade_api.html

译自odoo官方文档：http://www.odoo.com/documentation/10.0/reference/guidelines.html ，不当之处欢迎批评指正。

内容发布自http://www.jianshu.com/u/6fdae8ec06bc，转载请注明出处

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