Spring Security

Spring Security源码分析一:Spring Secu

2018-01-03  本文已影响1933人  淡淡的伤你

Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean,充分利用了Spring IoC,DI(控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入)和AOP(面向切面编程)功能,为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能,减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

类图

为了方便理解Spring Security认证流程,特意画了如下的类图,包含相关的核心认证类

http://dandandeshangni.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/github/Spring%20Security/core-classdiagram.png

概述

核心验证器

AuthenticationManager

该对象提供了认证方法的入口,接收一个Authentiaton对象作为参数;

public interface AuthenticationManager {
    Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
            throws AuthenticationException;
}

ProviderManager

它是 AuthenticationManager 的一个实现类,提供了基本的认证逻辑和方法;它包含了一个 List<AuthenticationProvider> 对象,通过 AuthenticationProvider 接口来扩展出不同的认证提供者(当Spring Security默认提供的实现类不能满足需求的时候可以扩展AuthenticationProvider 覆盖supports(Class<?> authentication)方法);

验证逻辑

AuthenticationManager 接收 Authentication 对象作为参数,并通过 authenticate(Authentication) 方法对其进行验证;AuthenticationProvider实现类用来支撑对 Authentication 对象的验证动作;UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken实现了 Authentication主要是将用户输入的用户名和密码进行封装,并供给 AuthenticationManager 进行验证;验证完成以后将返回一个认证成功的 Authentication 对象;

Authentication

Authentication对象中的主要方法

public interface Authentication extends Principal, Serializable {
    //#1.权限结合,可使用AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("admin,ROLE_ADMIN")返回字符串权限集合
    Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities();
    //#2.用户名密码认证时可以理解为密码
    Object getCredentials();
    //#3.认证时包含的一些信息。
    Object getDetails();
    //#4.用户名密码认证时可理解时用户名
    Object getPrincipal();
    #5.是否被认证,认证为true    
    boolean isAuthenticated();
    #6.设置是否能被认证
    void setAuthenticated(boolean isAuthenticated) throws IllegalArgumentException;

ProviderManager

ProviderManagerAuthenticationManager的实现类,提供了基本认证实现逻辑和流程;

public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
            throws AuthenticationException {
        //#1.获取当前的Authentication的认证类型
        Class<? extends Authentication> toTest = authentication.getClass();
        AuthenticationException lastException = null;
        Authentication result = null;
        boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();
        //#2.遍历所有的providers使用supports方法判断该provider是否支持当前的认证类型,不支持的话继续遍历
        for (AuthenticationProvider provider : getProviders()) {
            if (!provider.supports(toTest)) {
                continue;
            }

            if (debug) {
                logger.debug("Authentication attempt using "
                        + provider.getClass().getName());
            }

            try {
                #3.支持的话调用provider的authenticat方法认证
                result = provider.authenticate(authentication);

                if (result != null) {
                    #4.认证通过的话重新生成Authentication对应的Token
                    copyDetails(authentication, result);
                    break;
                }
            }
            catch (AccountStatusException e) {
                prepareException(e, authentication);
                // SEC-546: Avoid polling additional providers if auth failure is due to
                // invalid account status
                throw e;
            }
            catch (InternalAuthenticationServiceException e) {
                prepareException(e, authentication);
                throw e;
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException e) {
                lastException = e;
            }
        }

        if (result == null && parent != null) {
            // Allow the parent to try.
            try {
                #5.如果#1 没有验证通过,则使用父类型AuthenticationManager进行验证
                result = parent.authenticate(authentication);
            }
            catch (ProviderNotFoundException e) {
                // ignore as we will throw below if no other exception occurred prior to
                // calling parent and the parent
                // may throw ProviderNotFound even though a provider in the child already
                // handled the request
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException e) {
                lastException = e;
            }
        }
        #6. 是否擦出敏感信息
        if (result != null) {
            if (eraseCredentialsAfterAuthentication
                    && (result instanceof CredentialsContainer)) {
                // Authentication is complete. Remove credentials and other secret data
                // from authentication
                ((CredentialsContainer) result).eraseCredentials();
            }

            eventPublisher.publishAuthenticationSuccess(result);
            return result;
        }

        // Parent was null, or didn't authenticate (or throw an exception).

        if (lastException == null) {
            lastException = new ProviderNotFoundException(messages.getMessage(
                    "ProviderManager.providerNotFound",
                    new Object[] { toTest.getName() },
                    "No AuthenticationProvider found for {0}"));
        }

        prepareException(lastException, authentication);

        throw lastException;
    }
  1. 遍历所有的 Providers,然后依次执行该 Provider 的验证方法
    • 如果某一个 Provider 验证成功,则跳出循环不再执行后续的验证;
    • 如果验证成功,会将返回的 result 既 Authentication 对象进一步封装为 Authentication Token;
      比如 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken、RememberMeAuthenticationToken 等;这些 Authentication Token 也都继承自 Authentication 对象;
  2. 如果 #1 没有任何一个 Provider 验证成功,则试图使用其 parent Authentication Manager 进行验证;
  3. 是否需要擦除密码等敏感信息;

AuthenticationProvider

ProviderManager 通过 AuthenticationProvider 扩展出更多的验证提供的方式;而 AuthenticationProvider 本身也就是一个接口,从类图中我们可以看出它的实现类AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProviderAbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider的子类DaoAuthenticationProviderDaoAuthenticationProviderSpring Security中一个核心的Provider,对所有的数据库提供了基本方法和入口。

DaoAuthenticationProvider

DaoAuthenticationProvider主要做了以下事情

  1. 对用户身份尽心加密操作;
    #1.可直接返回BCryptPasswordEncoder,也可以自己实现该接口使用自己的加密算法核心方法String encode(CharSequence rawPassword);和boolean matches(CharSequence rawPassword, String encodedPassword);
    

private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

2. 实现了 `AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider` 两个抽象方法,
    1. 获取用户信息的扩展点
    ```java
protected final UserDetails retrieveUser(String username,
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)
            throws AuthenticationException {
        UserDetails loadedUser;

        try {
            loadedUser = this.getUserDetailsService().loadUserByUsername(username);
        }
主要是通过注入`UserDetailsService`接口对象,并调用其接口方法 `loadUserByUsername(String username)` 获取得到相关的用户信息。`UserDetailsService`接口非常重要。
2. 实现 additionalAuthenticationChecks 的验证方法(主要验证密码);

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProviderDaoAuthenticationProvider提供了基本的认证方法;

public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
            throws AuthenticationException {
        Assert.isInstanceOf(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class, authentication,
                messages.getMessage(
                        "AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.onlySupports",
                        "Only UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken is supported"));

        // Determine username
        String username = (authentication.getPrincipal() == null) ? "NONE_PROVIDED"
                : authentication.getName();

        boolean cacheWasUsed = true;
        UserDetails user = this.userCache.getUserFromCache(username);

        if (user == null) {
            cacheWasUsed = false;

            try {
                #1.获取用户信息由子类实现即DaoAuthenticationProvider
                user = retrieveUser(username,
                        (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
            }
            catch (UsernameNotFoundException notFound) {
                logger.debug("User '" + username + "' not found");

                if (hideUserNotFoundExceptions) {
                    throw new BadCredentialsException(messages.getMessage(
                            "AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.badCredentials",
                            "Bad credentials"));
                }
                else {
                    throw notFound;
                }
            }

            Assert.notNull(user,
                    "retrieveUser returned null - a violation of the interface contract");
        }

        try {
            #2.前检查由DefaultPreAuthenticationChecks类实现(主要判断当前用户是否锁定,过期,冻结User接口)
            preAuthenticationChecks.check(user);
            #3.子类实现
            additionalAuthenticationChecks(user,
                    (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
        }
        catch (AuthenticationException exception) {
            if (cacheWasUsed) {
                // There was a problem, so try again after checking
                // we're using latest data (i.e. not from the cache)
                cacheWasUsed = false;
                user = retrieveUser(username,
                        (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
                preAuthenticationChecks.check(user);
                additionalAuthenticationChecks(user,
                        (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);
            }
            else {
                throw exception;
            }
        }
        #4.检测用户密码是否过期对应#2 的User接口
        postAuthenticationChecks.check(user);

        if (!cacheWasUsed) {
            this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);
        }

        Object principalToReturn = user;

        if (forcePrincipalAsString) {
            principalToReturn = user.getUsername();
        }

        return createSuccessAuthentication(principalToReturn, authentication, user);
    }

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider主要实现了AuthenticationProvider的接口方法authenticate 并提供了相关的验证逻辑;

  1. 获取用户返回UserDetails
    AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider定义了一个抽象的方法

protected abstract UserDetails retrieveUser(String username,
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)
throws AuthenticationException;

2. 三步验证工作
    1. preAuthenticationChecks
    2. additionalAuthenticationChecks(抽象方法,子类实现)
    3. postAuthenticationChecks
3. 将已通过验证的用户信息封装成 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken 对象并返回;该对象封装了用户的身份信息,以及相应的权限信息,相关源码如下,
    ```java
protected Authentication createSuccessAuthentication(Object principal,
        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken result = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                principal, authentication.getCredentials(),
                authoritiesMapper.mapAuthorities(user.getAuthorities()));
        result.setDetails(authentication.getDetails());

        return result;
    }

UserDetailsService

UserDetailsService是一个接口,提供了一个方法

public interface UserDetailsService {
    UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;
}

通过用户名 username 调用方法 loadUserByUsername 返回了一个UserDetails接口对象(对应AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider的三步验证方法);

public interface UserDetails extends Serializable {
    #1.权限集合
    Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities();
    #2.密码   
    String getPassword();
    #3.用户民
    String getUsername();
    #4.用户是否过期
    boolean isAccountNonExpired();
    #5.是否锁定 
    boolean isAccountNonLocked();
    #6.用户密码是否过期 
    boolean isCredentialsNonExpired();
    #7.账号是否可用(可理解为是否删除)
    boolean isEnabled();
}

Spring 为UserDetailsService默认提供了一个实现类 org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl

JdbcUserDetailsManager

该实现类主要是提供基于JDBC对 User 进行增、删、查、改的方法

public class JdbcUserDetailsManager extends JdbcDaoImpl implements UserDetailsManager,
        GroupManager {
    // ~ Static fields/initializers
    // =====================================================================================

    // UserDetailsManager SQL
    #1.定义了一些列对数据库操作的语句
    public static final String DEF_CREATE_USER_SQL = "insert into users (username, password, enabled) values (?,?,?)";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_SQL = "delete from users where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_UPDATE_USER_SQL = "update users set password = ?, enabled = ? where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_INSERT_AUTHORITY_SQL = "insert into authorities (username, authority) values (?,?)";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_AUTHORITIES_SQL = "delete from authorities where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_USER_EXISTS_SQL = "select username from users where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_CHANGE_PASSWORD_SQL = "update users set password = ? where username = ?";



InMemoryUserDetailsManager

该实现类主要是提供基于内存对 User 进行增、删、查、改的方法
`public class InMemoryUserDetailsManager implements UserDetailsManager {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
#1.用MAP 存储
private final Map<String, MutableUserDetails> users = new HashMap<String, MutableUserDetails>();

private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

public InMemoryUserDetailsManager() {
}

public InMemoryUserDetailsManager(Collection<UserDetails> users) {
    for (UserDetails user : users) {
        createUser(user);
    }
}`

总结

UserDetailsService接口作为桥梁,是DaoAuthenticationProvier与特定用户信息来源进行解耦的地方,UserDetailsServiceUserDetailsUserDetailsManager所构成;UserDetailsUserDetailsManager各司其责,一个是对基本用户信息进行封装,一个是对基本用户信息进行管理;

特别注意UserDetailsServiceUserDetails以及UserDetailsManager都是可被用户自定义的扩展点,我们可以继承这些接口提供自己的读取用户来源和管理用户的方法,比如我们可以自己实现一个 与特定 ORM 框架,比如 Mybatis 或者 Hibernate,相关的UserDetailsServiceUserDetailsManager

时序图

http://dandandeshangni.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/github/Spring%20Security/core-service-Sequence.png
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