Day8-Topic3-Vocabulary and Phras
The myth of cyber-security
1. Computer security is a contradiction in terms .
a contradiction in terms : a statement containing two words that contradict each other's meaning 矛盾词项；自相矛盾
E.g. A ‘nomad settlement ’ is a contradiction in terms. “游牧者的定居”是用词上的自相矛盾
2. takeover :noun, an act of taking control of a company by buying most of its shares 收购；接收；接管
E.g.a takeover bid for the company 出价收购这家公司
3.....a telecoms firm, was nearly derailed by two enormous data breaches, and Russian hackers interfered in the American presidential election .
derail : verb. (of a train 火车) to leave the track; to make a train do this （使）脱轨，出轨
E.g.The train derailed and plunged into the river.火车脱轨栽进了河里
【派生词】derailment noun.
4. away from the headlines: 抛开标题不说...
5...a black market in computerised extortion, hacking-for hire and stolen digital goods is booming.
computerised 计算机化，电脑化
extortion: 敲诈罪;勒索罪 Extortion is the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats. E.g. He has been charged with extortion and abusing his powers 他被控犯有敲诈勒索罪和滥用职权罪。
hacking-for-hire: 雇佣黑客
6. Computers increasingly deal not just with abstract data like credit-card details and databases,but also with the real world of physical objects and vulnerable human bodies.
vulnerable: |ˈvʌlnərəbl| weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally （身体上或感情上）脆弱的，易受…伤害的 E.g. She looked very vulnerable standing there on her own. 她独自站在那里，看上去弱不禁风
【派生词】vulnerability noun. ~ (of sb/sth) (to sth)E.g. financial vulnerability在财政上易受打击
Vulnerably.adv.
7. Internet of things : also known as Internet of Objects, is the inter-networking of physical devices, vehicles (also referred to as "connected devices" and "smart devices"), buildings, and other items—embedded with electronics,software,sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data 物联网
8. The arrival of the "Internet of Things" will see computers baked into everything from road signs and MRI scanners to prosthetics and insulin pumps.
bake into: 融入 E.g. The notion of immutability is also baked into all the reflection and concurrency code . 不变性理念也融入到了所有映射和并发性代码中。
MRI scanners: 核磁共振成像扫描仪
prosthetics：the branch of medicine dealing with the production and use of artificial body parts 假肢，整形等。
insulin pumps : 胰岛素泵是在糖尿病治疗中用于监管胰岛素的医用设备,也称为持续皮下胰岛素输注治疗装置。不同的设计会有不同的设备配置。
9. There is little evidence that these gadgets will be any more trustworthy than their desktop counterparts.
gadget: a small tool or device that does sth useful 小器具；小装置
counterparts：a person or thing that has the same position or function as sb/sth else in a different place or situation 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物
【Synonyms】opposite number
E.g. The women's shoe, like its male counterpart, is specifically designed for the serious tennis player 像同类的男式鞋一样，这种女式鞋是专为认真地从事网球运动的人设计的
10. remote control : noun. a device that allows you to operate a television, etc. from a distance 遥控器 【派生词】 remote-controlled adj. 可遥控的设备
pacemakers: an electronic device that is put inside a person's body to help their heart beat regularly 心脏起搏器
11. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
wizardry: a very impressive and clever achievement; great skill 杰出的成就；非凡的才能 E.g. a piece of technical wizardry. 一桩技术奇迹。
vigilant： (formal) very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble 警觉的；警惕的；警戒的；谨慎 【派生词】vililance .noun. 警惕 synonyms : watchfulness. E.g. She stressed the need for constant vigilance.她强调必须时常保持警惕
12. That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
Cultivated:后天培养的
paranoia: noun. a mental illness in which a person may wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm them, that they are sb very important, etc. 妄想症；偏执狂
13.Companies of all stripes should embrace initiatives like "bug bounty" programmes, whereby firms reward ethical hackers for discovering flaws so that they can be fixed before they are taken advantage of.
all stripes:形形色色的
bug bounty 漏洞赏金
ethical：|ˈeθɪkl| adj. morally correct or acceptable 合乎道德的 E.g. Is it ethical to promote cigarettes through advertising? 通过广告推销香烟合乎道德吗
flaws : a mistake in sth that means that it is not correct or does not work correctly 错误；缺点
【synonyms】defect, fault. E.g. The report reveals fatal flaws in security at the airport 报告揭示了机场安全的致命缺陷.
14 . inevitable: that you cannot avoid or prevent 不可避免的；不能防止的
【synonyms】unavoidable E.g. It was an inevitable consequence of the decision. 那是这个决定的必然后果
15.illicit entry 非法入口
illicit: not allowed by the law 非法的；违法的 【synonyms】illegal E.g.illicit drugs违禁药物
16.afterthought: a thing that is thought of, said or added later, and is often not carefully planned 事后想法，事后添加的事物（常指未经周密考虑）E.g.Almost as an afterthought he added that he missed her.他又几乎不假思索地补充说他想念她
17.This is not a counsel of despair.
Counsel: noun. advice, especially given by older people or experts; a piece of advice （尤指年长者或专家的）劝告，忠告，建议 E.g. Listen to the counsel of your elders 要听从长辈的忠告
18. eliminated : To eliminate something, especially something you do not want or need, means to remove it completely.
19...from government regulation to the use of legal liability and insurance to create incentives for safer behaviour.
incentives:~ (for/to sb/sth) (to do sth) something that encourages you to do sth 激励；刺激；鼓励 E.g.There is no incentive for people to save fuel. 没有使人们节约燃料的鼓励办法
【antonyms】disincentive.(使受挫的）
20.refrain: ~ (from sth/from doing sth) (formal) to stop yourself from doing sth, especially sth that you want to do 克制；节制；避免 E.g. He has refrained from criticizing the government in public.他克制住了自己，没有在公开场合批评政府。【synonyms】desist from
21... often spark calls for encryption to be weakened so that the security services can better monitor what individuals are up to .
spark: ~ sth (off) to cause sth to start or develop, especially suddenly 引发；触发 E.g.The proposal would spark a storm of protest around the country 这一提案将引发全国性的抗议浪潮
encrypt: to put information into a special code, especially in order to prevent people from looking at it without authority 把…加密（或编码）【antonyms】decrypt
【派生词】encryption---decryption.
22.expertise: expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job 专门知识；专门技能；专长 Expertise is special skill or knowledge that is acquired by training, study, or practice.
E.g.The problem is that most local authorities lack the expertise to deal sensibly in this market.问题是大多数地方政府都缺乏合理应对这个市场的专门知识
23.hamper : to prevent sb from easily doing or achieving sth 妨碍；阻止；阻碍
【synonyms】hinder
E.g.The bad weather hampered rescue operations. 恶劣的天气阻碍了救援工作的进行
24. gizmos: a general word for a small piece of equipment, often one that does sth in a new and clever way 小玩意儿；小装置 E.g ...a plastic gizmo for holding a coffee cup on the dashboard..
25. ..can oblige companies to disclose when they or their products are hacked. That encourages them to fix a problem instead of burying it.
oblige: to force sb to do sth, by law, because it is a duty, etc. （以法律、义务等）强迫，迫使 E.g. Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school
disclose: to give sb information about sth, especially sth that was previously secret 揭露；透露；泄露 【synonyms】reveal E.g.The spokesman refused to disclose details of the takeover to the press 发言人拒绝向新闻界透露公司收购的详细情况
26. instance: a particular example or case of sth 例子；事例；实例 E.g.The report highlights a number of instances of injustice 这篇报道重点列举了一些不公正的实例
【延伸】for instance= for example
27. Often, the harm from hackers is not to the owner of a compromised device.
Compromise:
**to give up some of your demands after a disagreement with sb, in order to reach an agreement （为达成协议而）妥协，折中，让步 E.g. They were unwilling to compromise with the military 他们不愿与军方妥协
** to do sth that is against your principles or does not reach standards that you have set 违背（原则）；达不到（标准） E.g.I refuse to compromise my principles.我拒绝在原则问题上妥协
28 botnets:
1.僵尸网络
2.通过各种手段在大量计算机中植入特定的恶意程序，使控制者能够通过相对集中的若干计算机直接向大量计算机发送指令的攻击网络。攻击者通常利用这样大规模的僵尸网络实施各种其他攻击活动。
29. router: a device which sends data to the appropriate parts of a computer network 路由器（传送信息的专用网络设备: On a computer or network of computers, a router is a piece of equipment which allows access to other computers or networks, for example the Internet.
30. light bulbs: A light bulb or bulb is the round glass part of an electric light or lamp which light shines from.
31.malware :恶意软件; 恶意软件。malware是malicious software的合成形式; 流氓软件;
32. disclaim: to state publicly that you have no knowledge of sth, or that you are not responsible for sth 公开否认；拒绝承认 【synonyms】deny E.g.The rebels disclaimed all responsibility for the explosion 反叛分子否认对这次爆炸事件负有任何责任
33. Silicon Valley's fruitful "go fast and break things" style of innovation if possible only if firms have relatively free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
Go fast and break things : the original quote version is "move fast and break things", It meant that new tools and features on the platform might not be perfect, but creation speed was key, even if there were some missteps along the way.
34. moot : unlikely to happen and therefore not worth considering （因不大可能发生而）无考虑意义的 E.g. He argued that the issue had become moot since the board had changed its policy.他争辩说这项议题已变得毫无实际意义，因为董事会已经改变了政策
【延伸】a moot point/question :a matter about which there may be disagreement or confusion 悬而未决的事；有争议的问题
35. domestic goods : 在此指household goods.
36. butt : verb. to hit or push sb/sth hard with your head （人）用头顶撞 butt up against 违背
【延伸】butt in (on sb/sth) : ** to interrupt a conversation rudely 插嘴；打断说话; E.g. How can I explain if you keep butting in ?你一直插嘴，我还怎么解释？
** to become involved in a situation that does not concern you 插手；干涉【 synonyms:】 interfere in. E.g.I didn't ask you to butt in on my private business 我没请你干预我的私事
butt out : used to tell sb rudely to go away or to stop interfering in sth that does not concern them 走开；别管闲事 E.g. 不许插手，尼尔！这不关你的事。
37.....a bestselling book that exposed and excoriated the industry's lax attitude.
excoriate: to excoriate a person or organization means to criticize them severely, usually in public. 严厉指责；痛斥 E.g.He proceeded to excoriate me in front of the nurses. 他开始在护士面前痛斥我
lax attitude : 松懈的态度
38. The following year the government came down hard with rules on seat belts, headrests and the like.
came down hard: 严厉执行
the like: 之类的东东
39. Now imagine the clamour for legislation after the first child fatality involving self-driving cars.
clamour: a demand for sth made by a lot of people 民众的要求 If people are clamouring for something, they are demanding it in a noisy or angry way
E.g.The clamour for her resignation grew louder. 民众要求她辞职的呼声越来越高
fatality: A fatality is a death caused by an accident or by violence.
E.g. Drunk driving fatalities have declined more than 10 percent over the past 10 years.酒后驾车死亡人数在过去 10 年中下降了 10%以上
40. ...will find its premiums rising, prodding it to solve the problem.
premium: A premium is a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy. 保险费，保险金
prod: If you prod someone into doing something, you remind or persuade them to do it. 提醒；促使；督促 E.g. The report should prod the Government into spending more on the Health Service这份报告将督促政府加大在卫生服务方面的支出
41. recourse: the fact of having to, or being able to, use sth that can provide help in a difficult situation 依靠；依赖；求助 E.g. Your only recourse is legal action 你的唯一依靠就是诉诸法律
payout : A payout is a sum of money, especially a large one, that is paid to someone, for example by an insurance company or as a prize. 支付款；（尤指）大笔付款，大额支出
42. carve-outs: 股权割让
43. precedents: If there is a precedent for an action or event, it has happened before, and this can be regarded as an argument for doing it again.
E.g.There are plenty of precedents in Hollywood for letting people out of contracts. 在好莱坞，允许影视人员解除合同的先例有很多
44. consequences: **a result of sth that has happened 结果；后果
E.g. He drove too fast with tragic consequences 他开车太快，结果酿成惨剧
