英语口语

L11 U5 Law

2019-04-15  本文已影响0人  AsaGuo

Module 1 Discussing a legal case in the news

1. Legal language

审判前
提审trial(审判)某人前有很多步骤。首先,被告被捕并被指控有罪。

审判
审判中的主要人物是judge(法官),jury(陪审团),attorneys(律师)和被指控有罪的人。陪审团决定被告guilty(有罪)或者not guilty。如果defendant(被告)被判有罪,法官将决定如何量刑。

2. Adding detail with '-ing' verbs 使用动词 '-ing'形式补充细节

在描述中,你可以通过使用动词 -ing 形式补充更多细节。请看以下各例。留意 and 每次是怎样用在最后一个动词 -ing 形式之前的。

3. Talking about legal cases 重点放在被告上

当人们谈论法律案件的时候,他们常常把重点放在被告上。用was +过去分词来表达发生在过去的犯罪活动。比较下面这两个句子。

我们常用带-ing的短语来解释被告做了什么。

这是更多关于法律案件陈述的例子。注意动词后介词的使用。

Module 2 Explaining a company's legal situation

1. Companies and the law

政府规定: 企业常常被政府密切regulated(监管)。

法律问题
当政府认为一个公司已经做了illegal(违法)的事情,政府有时会有所行动。政府可能会对公司file a lawsuit(提起诉讼)。

2. Using word order for emphasis

使用what表示强调或者感觉
有时说话人想着重强调或者表达一种感觉。一种方法是将what放在句子的开头。注意第二个例子中单词surprised上的额外强调。

使用it表示强调或者感觉
我们有时也把单词it放在句子的开头用来强调或者表达感情。注意在第二个句子中visas是如何被移到前面的。

3. Reading the news 读取细节

当你阅读一则新闻文章时,你通常会发现有大量的信息在文章的开头汇总成几句话。仔细阅读并确认你理解事件的顺序。

在上面的例子中,理解合并计划最先开始,然后是政府批准,最后是股价增长是很重要的。

  1. Read the business news summary:

Wilson Sentenced

by Harriet Mumford / May 27

Jane Wilson, arrested two years ago in a stock scandal, was sentenced this morning to 20 years in prison. She had been convicted of fraud and perjury two months ago. Wilson sold fake stock in companies for 10 years before being caught. It is believed that Wilson stole as much as $10 million from her investors. She was caught two years ago while trying to board a flight to Brazil, where she has relatives.

  1. Read the business news summaries:
    Business News in Brief

by Courtney Campbell / September 24

Entreva Pharmaceuticals announced a $10 million settlement with the US government over allegations that it made illegal payments to doctors to promote its products.

Marconic Industries' share price surged more than 20 percent after a planned merger with mobile-phone manufacturer ContConnect was approved by the government.

New Age Transport revealed plans to move its headquarters abroad. The electric-car company has complained for years about excessive regulation and the difficulty of getting visas for foreign workers.


Module 3 Finalizing an employment contract

1. Employment contracts 劳动合同的语言

劳动合同中两个重要的方面是compensation(赔偿)和benefits(待遇)。

特殊条款
公司常在合同中包含两个特殊条款。A confidentiality clause保护公司的秘密。A non-competition clause防止员工为竞争对手工作。

2. Conditions and consequences

正式场合
在合同中,语言是极其正式的。这是一些在法律文件中使用的条件句的例子。

后果
这是一些解释后果的方法:

着重强调的条件
有时人们想着重强调一个条件适用于所有场合。他们可能使用even if或者it doesn't matter短语。

3. Paraphrasing 复述以澄清

理解一个合同的所有细节是很重要的。做到这一点的方法是paraphrase(复述)你给出的或者得到的信息。

Module 4 Explaining a law in your country

1. Talking about laws

违法行为
使用这些表达方式来谈论某事是违法的。

更多描述违法行为的短语
当你在更正式的说或者写的情况下,你可以使用含有 is + 过去分词的表达方式。

2. Writing opinions about laws

John is explaining his city's laws:


August 14
From: john@johnisaak.com
To: martin.halman@eslcot.com

Martin,

It's great news that you got a job here in Seattle, and I'll be glad to tell you what you'll find on moving here.
It's going to be very different from Miami.
First, it rains a lot, and it's much cooler.
Second, we have some of the strictest laws in the US on things like guns and alcohol, which, if you ask me, are very reasonable.
Personally, I think that the smoking laws have gone a bit too far, though.
I know that you're a smoker, so get ready!
Smoking is prohibited in all public buildings, like restaurants and bars.
From my point of view, I see real health benefits to this.
However, you won't believe this:
Smoking is forbidden even in public parks.
If you're caught by a police officer, you are asked to put out your cigarette.
Then you get a lecture about how bad smoking is,

and the officer gives you a card with anti-smoking facts and information on places you can go for help to quit smoking.

Anyway, can't wait to see you!

John


非正式观点
当你以非正式形式写东西时,你可以使用和口头语言相同的表达方式。

正式观点
这是一些在更正式的情景下表达你的观点的短语:


Strange laws from the past

by Mariel Friesson / December 12

In many cities around the world, old laws that are no longer useful are still on the books.
No one pays any attention to them, but they are still there.
For example, it's surprising how many cities and countries still have a law that a person has to walk in front of a train with a red flag to warn wagons and farm animals.
To my way of thinking, these laws are ridiculous and should be removed.
One example of a law that needs to be removed is from San Francisco.
The law states that homeowners are allowed to keep a small horse in their house.
Personally, I think that these strange, old laws just give people a reason to tell jokes about their governments.
If you ask me, that's big trouble.
Here's another stupid, old law:
In the state of Washington, a person who intends to break a law in a city is forbidden from entering the city limits before calling the chief of police to describe the crime he or she will commit.
No criminal has called yet.


3. A law in your country


A Law in Japan
by Michiko Yamamoto / February 6

I love the strict law against drinking and driving in Japan.
If you are caught driving after drinking alcohol, the judge can make you pay a big fine or even send you to prison.
In addition, if you are a passenger in a car with a drunk driver, you may have to pay a big fine.

What are the laws like in your country? Please write me about an interesting law.


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