函数associateBy和groupBy构建来自由指定键索引的集合的元素的映射。key在keySelector参数中定义。

您还可以指定可选的valueSelector来定义将存储在map元素值中的内容。

区别

associateBy和groupBy之间的区别在于它们如何使用相同的键处理对象：

• associateBy使用最后一个合适的元素作为值。
• groupBy构建所有合适元素的列表并将其放入值中。

associateBy

/**
 * Returns a [Map] containing the elements from the given collection indexed by the key
 * returned from [keySelector] function applied to each element.
 * 
 * If any two elements would have the same key returned by [keySelector] the last one gets added to the map.
 * 
 * The returned map preserves the entry iteration order of the original collection.
 */
public inline fun <T, K> Iterable<T>.associateBy(keySelector: (T) -> K): Map<K, T> {
    val capacity = mapCapacity(collectionSizeOrDefault(10)).coerceAtLeast(16)
    return associateByTo(LinkedHashMap<K, T>(capacity), keySelector)
}


/**
 * Populates and returns the [destination] mutable map with key-value pairs,
 * where key is provided by the [keySelector] function applied to each element of the given collection
 * and value is the element itself.
 * 
 * If any two elements would have the same key returned by [keySelector] the last one gets added to the map.
 */
public inline fun <T, K, M : MutableMap<in K, in T>> Iterable<T>.associateByTo(destination: M, keySelector: (T) -> K): M {
    for (element in this) {
        destination.put(keySelector(element), element)
    }
    return destination
}

groupBy

/**
 * Groups elements of the original collection by the key returned by the given [keySelector] function
 * applied to each element and returns a map where each group key is associated with a list of corresponding elements.
 * 
 * The returned map preserves the entry iteration order of the keys produced from the original collection.
 * 
 * @sample samples.collections.Collections.Transformations.groupBy
 */
public inline fun <T, K> Iterable<T>.groupBy(keySelector: (T) -> K): Map<K, List<T>> {
    return groupByTo(LinkedHashMap<K, MutableList<T>>(), keySelector)
}



/**
 * Groups elements of the original collection by the key returned by the given [keySelector] function
 * applied to each element and puts to the [destination] map each group key associated with a list of corresponding elements.
 * 
 * @return The [destination] map.
 * 
 * @sample samples.collections.Collections.Transformations.groupBy
 */
public inline fun <T, K, M : MutableMap<in K, MutableList<T>>> Iterable<T>.groupByTo(destination: M, keySelector: (T) -> K): M {
    for (element in this) {
        val key = keySelector(element)
        val list = destination.getOrPut(key) { ArrayList<T>() }
        list.add(element)
    }
    return destination
}

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