NoSQL数据模型设计 - 关系数据建模 - 嵌入模型实现1对1

本文为NoSQL数据模型设计系列的一部分。

下面两种模式用来实现1对1关系的嵌入模型

嵌入文档模式

将2个1对1关系文档合并成一个文档。例如下面2个文档

// patron document
{
   _id: "joe",
   name: "Joe Bookreader"
}

// address document
{
   patron_id: "joe", // reference to patron document
   street: "123 Fake Street",
   city: "Faketon",
   state: "MA",
   zip: "12345"
}

合并为

{
   _id: "joe",
   name: "Joe Bookreader",
   address: {
              street: "123 Fake Street",
              city: "Faketon",
              state: "MA",
              zip: "12345"
            }
}

子集模式

合并文档有时会很大并且包含不经常访问的字段。你可采用子集模式将常用数据放入一个文档，将不常用数据放入另一个文档。例如下面文档包含movie的所有信息

{
  "_id": 1,
  "title": "The Arrival of a Train",
  "year": 1896,
  "runtime": 1,
  "released": ISODate("01-25-1896"),
  "poster": "http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMjEyNDk5MDYzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNjIxMTEwMzE@._V1_SX300.jpg",
  "plot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, ...",
  "fullplot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, the line dissolves. The doors of the railway-cars open, and people on the platform help passengers to get off.",
  "lastupdated": ISODate("2015-08-15T10:06:53"),
  "type": "movie",
  "directors": [ "Auguste Lumière", "Louis Lumière" ],
  "imdb": {
    "rating": 7.3,
    "votes": 5043,
    "id": 12
  },
  "countries": [ "France" ],
  "genres": [ "Documentary", "Short" ],
  "tomatoes": {
    "viewer": {
      "rating": 3.7,
      "numReviews": 59
    },
    "lastUpdated": ISODate("2020-01-09T00:02:53")
  }
}

但是只有部分数据频繁访问，将它们抽出保留在movie文档中

// movie collection

{
  "_id": 1,
  "title": "The Arrival of a Train",
  "year": 1896,
  "runtime": 1,
  "released": ISODate("1896-01-25"),
  "type": "movie",
  "directors": [ "Auguste Lumière", "Louis Lumière" ],
  "countries": [ "France" ],
  "genres": [ "Documentary", "Short" ],
}

另外新建movie_details文档，保存其余详细数据。

// movie_details collection

{
  "_id": 156,
  "movie_id": 1, // reference to the movie collection
  "poster": "http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMjEyNDk5MDYzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNjIxMTEwMzE@._V1_SX300.jpg",
  "plot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, ...",
  "fullplot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, the line dissolves. The doors of the railway-cars open, and people on the platform help passengers to get off.",
  "lastupdated": ISODate("2015-08-15T10:06:53"),
  "imdb": {
    "rating": 7.3,
    "votes": 5043,
    "id": 12
  },
  "tomatoes": {
    "viewer": {
      "rating": 3.7,
      "numReviews": 59
    },
    "lastUpdated": ISODate("2020-01-29T00:02:53")
  }
}

这样只有少量数据被频读取，当需要查看详细信息时，才读取movie_details文档。

完整内容请查看NoSQL数据模型设计系列