基于大脑机制的亲子教养（翻译三十四）

In these co-parenting species, a similar process of brain changes typically promotes “pair bonding,” or the development of lifelong adult connections after mating (Carter, 2005). In species such as prairie voles and titi monkeys that show these patterns of pair bonding and co-parental care, we see the origins of the kind of family systems that most humans value. And in some species, including humans, nonbiological parents can develop a nurturing brain; just being exposed to children can activate the caregiving system.

 在这些共同养育的物种中，类似的大脑变化过程通常会促进“配对结合”，或者在交配后发展终生的成人连接(Carter, 2005)。

在草原田鼠和伶猴等物种中，它们表现出了成对结合和共同抚养的模式，我们看到了大多数人类所重视的家庭系统的起源。

在包括人类在内的一些物种中，非亲生父母也可以培养出一个有教养的大脑，仅仅接触儿童就能激活大脑哺育系统。

Neuroscientists such as Sue Carter opened a gold mine for understanding the brain mechanisms of emotional bonding by uncovering the role of neuropeptides (protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other), specifically of oxytocin and vasopressin, in promoting both adult bonding and parent–child bonding in animals (Carter, 2005; Insel & Shapiro, 1992).

像Sue Carter这样的神经科学家们通过揭示神经肽的作用来理解情感联系的大脑机制，其中包括催产素和抗利尿激素，促进了动物的成键和母子结合(Carter, 2005;Insel &夏皮罗,1992)。

Oxytocin and vasopressin are active in the brains of both women and men, with oxytocin playing a bigger role in women, vasopressin in men. In both moms and dads, oxytocin plays a very important part in helping to promote the bonding process between parent and child.

催产素和抗利尿激素在女性和男性的大脑中都很活跃，催产素在女性中扮演着更重要的角色，在男性中是血管加压素。在母亲和父亲中，催产素对促进父母和孩子之间的亲密关系起着非常重要的作用。

Parents whose brains release a lot of oxytocin into the limbic regions—that is, the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the orbitofrontal cortex—tend to be very nurturing parents who experience their interactions with their children as often highly pleasurable.

父母的大脑会将大量的催产素释放到边缘区域——也就是杏仁核、海马体和眼窝前额皮质——往往是非常有养育能力的父母，他们和孩子的互动往往是非常愉快的。