Trace

基于Opentracing+Jaeger全链路灰度调用链

2019-10-29  本文已影响0人  程序员泥瓦匠

当网关和服务在实施全链路分布式灰度发布和路由时候,我们需要一款追踪系统来监控网关和服务走的是哪个灰度组,哪个灰度版本,哪个灰度区域,甚至监控从Http Header头部全程传递的灰度规则和路由策略。这个功能意义在于:

笔者尝试调研了一系列分布式追踪系统和中间件,包括Opentracing、Uber Jaeger、Twitter Zipkin、Apache Skywalking、Pinpoint、CAT等,最后决定采用Opentracing + Uber Jaeger方式来实现,重要原因除了易用性和可扩展性外,Opentracing支持WebMvc和WebFlux两种方式,业界的追踪系统能支持WebFlux相对较少

[OpenTracing] OpenTracing已进入CNCF,正在为全球的分布式追踪系统提供统一的概念、规范、架构和数据标准。它通过提供平台无关、厂商无关的API,使得开发人员能够方便的添加(或更换)追踪系统的实现。对于存在多样化的技术栈共存的调用链中,Opentracing适配Java、C、Go和.Net等技术栈,实现全链路分布式追踪功能。迄今为止,Uber Jaeger、Twitter Zipkin和Apache Skywalking已经适配了Opentracing规范

笔者以Nepxion社区的Discovery开源框架(对该开源框架感兴趣的同学,请访问如下链接)为例子展开整合

源码主页,请访问
https://github.com/Nepxion/Discovery

指南主页,请访问
https://github.com/Nepxion/DiscoveryGuide

文档主页,请访问
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1i57rXaNKPuhGRqZ2MONZOA#list/path=%2FNepxion

整合的效果图





基本概念

灰度调用链主要包括如下11个参数。使用者可以自行定义要传递的调用链参数,例如:traceId, spanId等;也可以自行定义要传递的业务调用链参数,例如:mobile, user等

1. n-d-service-group - 服务所属组或者应用
2. n-d-service-type - 服务类型,分为“网关”和“服务”
3. n-d-service-id - 服务ID
4. n-d-service-address - 服务地址,包括Host和Port
5. n-d-service-version - 服务版本
6. n-d-service-region - 服务所属区域
7. n-d-version - 版本路由值
8. n-d-region - 区域路由值
9. n-d-address - 地址路由值
10. n-d-version-weight - 版本权重路由值
11. n-d-region-weight - 区域权重路由值

核心实现

Opentracing通用模块

源码参考
https://github.com/Nepxion/Discovery/tree/master/discovery-plugin-strategy-opentracing

由于OpenTracing扩展需要兼顾到Spring Cloud Gateway、Zuul和服务,它的核心逻辑存在着一定的可封装性,所以笔者抽取出一个公共模块discovery-plugin-strategy-opentracing,包含configuration、operation、context等模块,着重阐述operation模块,其它比较简单,不一一赘述了

在阐述前,笔者需要解释一个配置,该配置将决定核心实现以及终端界面的显示

  1. 如果开启,灰度信息输出到独立的Span节点中,意味着在界面显示中,灰度信息通过独立的GRAY Span节点来显示。优点是信息简洁明了,缺点是Span节点会增长一倍。我们可以称呼它为【模式A】
  2. 如果关闭,灰度信息输出到原生的Span节点中,意味着在界面显示中,灰度信息会和原生Span节点的调用信息、协议信息等混在一起,缺点是信息庞杂混合,优点是Span节点数不会增长。我们可以称呼它为【模式B】
# 启动和关闭调用链的灰度信息在Opentracing中以独立的Span节点输出,如果关闭,则灰度信息输出到原生的Span节点中。缺失则默认为true
spring.application.strategy.trace.opentracing.separate.span.enabled=true

Opentracing公共操作类 - StrategyOpentracingOperation.java

public class StrategyOpentracingOperation {
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StrategyOpentracingOperation.class);

    @Autowired
    protected PluginAdapter pluginAdapter;

    @Autowired
    protected StrategyContextHolder strategyContextHolder;

    @Autowired
    private Tracer tracer;

    @Value("${" + StrategyOpentracingConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_OPENTRACING_ENABLED + ":false}")
    protected Boolean traceOpentracingEnabled;

    @Value("${" + StrategyOpentracingConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_OPENTRACING_SEPARATE_SPAN_ENABLED + ":true}")
    protected Boolean traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled;

    public void opentracingInitialize() {
        if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        if (!traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        Span span = tracer.buildSpan(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_VALUE).start();
        StrategyOpentracingContext.getCurrentContext().setSpan(span);

        LOG.debug("Trace chain for Opentracing initialized...");
    }

    public void opentracingHeader(Map<String, String> customizationMap) {
        if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        Span span = getCurrentSpan();
        if (span == null) {
            LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing header");

            return;
        }

        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
                span.setTag(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
        }

        if (traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
            span.setTag(Tags.COMPONENT.getKey(), DiscoveryConstant.TAG_COMPONENT_VALUE);
        }
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN, DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN_VALUE);
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID, span.context().toTraceId());
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID, span.context().toSpanId());
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP, strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP));
        ...

        String routeVersion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION);
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersion)) {
            span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION, routeVersion);
        }
        ...

        LOG.debug("Trace chain information outputs to Opentracing...");
    }

    public void opentracingLocal(String className, String methodName, Map<String, String> customizationMap) {
        if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        Span span = getCurrentSpan();
        if (span == null) {
            LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing local");

            return;
        }

        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
                span.setTag(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
        }

        if (traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
            span.setTag(Tags.COMPONENT.getKey(), DiscoveryConstant.TAG_COMPONENT_VALUE);
        }
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN, DiscoveryConstant.PLUGIN_VALUE);
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.CLASS, className);
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.METHOD, methodName);
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID, span.context().toTraceId());
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID, span.context().toSpanId());
        span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP, pluginAdapter.getGroup());
        ...

        String routeVersion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION);
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersion)) {
            span.setTag(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION, routeVersion);
        }
        ...

        LOG.debug("Trace chain information outputs to Opentracing...");
    }

    public void opentracingError(String className, String methodName, Throwable e) {
        if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        if (!traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        Span span = getCurrentSpan();
        if (span == null) {
            LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing error");

            return;
        }

        span.log(new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Object>()
                .put(DiscoveryConstant.CLASS, className)
                .put(DiscoveryConstant.METHOD, methodName)
                .put(DiscoveryConstant.EVENT, Tags.ERROR.getKey())
                .put(DiscoveryConstant.ERROR_OBJECT, e)
                .build());

        LOG.debug("Trace chain error outputs to Opentracing...");
    }

    public void opentracingClear() {
        if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        if (!traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        Span span = getCurrentSpan();
        if (span != null) {
            span.finish();
        } else {
            LOG.error("Span not found in context to opentracing clear");
        }
        StrategyOpentracingContext.clearCurrentContext();

        LOG.debug("Trace chain context of Opentracing cleared...");
    }

    public Span getCurrentSpan() {
        return traceOpentracingSeparateSpanEnabled ? StrategyOpentracingContext.getCurrentContext().getSpan() : tracer.activeSpan();
    }

    public String getTraceId() {
        if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
            return null;
        }

        Span span = getCurrentSpan();
        if (span != null) {
            return span.context().toTraceId();
        }

        return null;
    }

    public String getSpanId() {
        if (!traceOpentracingEnabled) {
            return null;
        }

        Span span = getCurrentSpan();
        if (span != null) {
            return span.context().toSpanId();
        }

        return null;
    }
}

Opentracing Service模块

源码参考
https://github.com/Nepxion/Discovery/tree/master/discovery-plugin-strategy-starter-service-opentracing

实现OpenTracing对服务的扩展,包含configuration、tracer等模块,着重阐述tracer模块,其它比较简单,不一一赘述了

Opentracing的服务追踪类 - DefaultServiceStrategyOpentracingTracer.java

public class DefaultServiceStrategyOpentracingTracer extends DefaultServiceStrategyTracer {
    @Autowired
    private StrategyOpentracingOperation strategyOpentracingOperation;

    @Override
    public void trace(ServiceStrategyTracerInterceptor interceptor, MethodInvocation invocation) {
        strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingInitialize();

        super.trace(interceptor, invocation);

        strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingLocal(interceptor.getMethod(invocation).getDeclaringClass().getName(), interceptor.getMethodName(invocation), getCustomizationMap());
    }

    @Override
    public void error(ServiceStrategyTracerInterceptor interceptor, MethodInvocation invocation, Throwable e) {
        super.error(interceptor, invocation, e);

        strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingError(interceptor.getMethod(invocation).getDeclaringClass().getName(), interceptor.getMethodName(invocation), e);
    }

    @Override
    public void release(ServiceStrategyTracerInterceptor interceptor, MethodInvocation invocation) {
        super.release(interceptor, invocation);

        strategyOpentracingOperation.opentracingClear();
    }

    @Override
    public String getTraceId() {
        return strategyOpentracingOperation.getTraceId();
    }

    @Override
    public String getSpanId() {
        return strategyOpentracingOperation.getSpanId();
    }
}

Opentracing Spring Cloud Gateway模块

源码参考
https://github.com/Nepxion/Discovery/tree/master/discovery-plugin-strategy-starter-gateway-opentracing

实现OpenTracing对Spring Cloud Gateway的扩展,跟discovery-plugin-strategy-starter-service-opentracing模块类似,不一一赘述了

Opentracing Zuul模块

源码参考
https://github.com/Nepxion/Discovery/tree/master/discovery-plugin-strategy-starter-zuul-opentracing

实现OpenTracing对Zuul的扩展,跟discovery-plugin-strategy-starter-service-opentracing模块类似,不一一赘述了

使用说明

示例参考
https://github.com/Nepxion/DiscoveryGuide

使用方式

Opentracing输出方式以Uber Jaeger为例来说明,步骤非常简单

  1. https://pan.baidu.com/s/1i57rXaNKPuhGRqZ2MONZOA#list/path=%2FNepxion获取Jaeger-1.14.0.zip,Windows操作系统下解压后运行jaeger.bat,Mac和Lunix操作系统请自行研究
  2. 执行Postman调用后,访问http://localhost:16686查看灰度调用链
  3. 灰度调用链支持WebMvc和WebFlux两种方式,以GRAY字样的标记来标识

开关控制

对于Opentracing调用链功能的开启和关闭,需要通过如下开关做控制:

# 启动和关闭调用链。缺失则默认为false
spring.application.strategy.trace.enabled=true
# 启动和关闭调用链的Opentracing输出,支持F版或更高版本的配置,其它版本不需要该行配置。缺失则默认为false
spring.application.strategy.trace.opentracing.enabled=true
# 启动和关闭调用链的灰度信息在Opentracing中以独立的Span节点输出,如果关闭,则灰度信息输出到原生的Span节点中。缺失则默认为true
spring.application.strategy.trace.opentracing.separate.span.enabled=true

可选功能

自定义调用链上下文参数的创建(该类不是必须的),继承DefaultStrategyTracerAdapter

// 自定义调用链上下文参数的创建
// 对于getTraceId和getSpanId方法,在Opentracing等调用链中间件引入的情况下,由调用链中间件决定,在这里定义不会起作用;在Opentracing等调用链中间件未引入的情况下,在这里定义才有效,下面代码中表示从Http Header中获取,并全链路传递
// 对于getCustomizationMap方法,表示输出到调用链中的定制化业务参数,可以同时输出到日志和Opentracing等调用链中间件,下面代码中表示从Http Header中获取,并全链路传递
public class MyStrategyTracerAdapter extends DefaultStrategyTracerAdapter {
    @Override
    public String getTraceId() {
        return StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID)) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID) : StringUtils.EMPTY;
    }

    @Override
    public String getSpanId() {
        return StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID)) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID) : StringUtils.EMPTY;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, String> getCustomizationMap() {
        return new ImmutableMap.Builder<String, String>()
                .put("mobile", StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader("mobile")) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader("mobile") : StringUtils.EMPTY)
                .put("user", StringUtils.isNotEmpty(strategyContextHolder.getHeader("user")) ? strategyContextHolder.getHeader("user") : StringUtils.EMPTY)
                .build();
    }
}

在配置类里@Bean方式进行调用链类创建,覆盖框架内置的调用链类

@Bean
public StrategyTracerAdapter strategyTracerAdapter() {
    return new MyStrategyTracerAdapter();
}

本文作者

任浩军, 10 多年开源经历,Github ID:@HaojunRen,Nepxion 开源社区创始人,Nacos Group Member,Spring Cloud Alibaba & Nacos & Sentinel Committer

请联系我

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