VMware Linux(Centos)虚拟机扩容根目录磁盘空间
2020-10-10 本文已影响0人
一直很安静_25ae
1:编辑虚拟机设置，点击[硬盘]，选择[扩展] 填写大小:
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点击扩展后VMware提示磁盘已经成功扩展。
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完成扩展后，需从客户机操作系统内部对磁盘【重新分区】和【扩展文件系统】
2:启动虚拟机操作系统Centos，查看磁盘情况:
# fdisk -l
显示如下:
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00094582
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
可以看见分区情况如下:
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM
3:创建分区sda3:
输入指令
# fdisk /dev/sda
根据命令提示创建分区:
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n #输入n表示创建新分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p #输入p
Partition number (1-4): 3 #输入3，表示sda3，前面已经有2个了
First cylinder (2611-3916, default 2611): #回车，默认值
Using default value 2611
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2611-3916, default 3916): #回车，默认值
Using default value 3916
Command (m for help): w #输入w保存，退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
再查看分区情况
# fdisk -l
情况如下:
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00094582
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 2611 3916 10483750 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
可以看见现在的分区情况如下:
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 2611 3916 10483750 83 Linux
这时分区已经变成3个了，但是还没有挂载，还不能用。
4:重启操作系统
# reboot
5:格式化新分区ext3
# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3
显示情况如下:
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2620937 blocks
131046 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
6:将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷，以便LVM使用,输入指令
# lvs
显示如下：
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv_root vg_rxf -wi-ao---- 17.57g
lv_swap vg_rxf -wi-ao---- 1.94g
输入指令:
# pvcreate /dev/sda3
显示如下:
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
7:向卷组中添加物理卷来增加容量。
输入df -h 查看lvm组名
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root 18G 18G 112M 100% /
tmpfs 931M 4.0K 931M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 35M 425M 8% /boot
其中vg_rxf为根所在组名.
输入指令，增加卷组的容量
# vgextend vg_rxf /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_rxf" successfully extended
8:查看可以扩展的空间大小:
vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_rxf
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 29.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7553
Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 2559 / 10.00 GiB
VG UUID KFyuD1-cj5n-cukx-z1Zf-Gg2T-IQLT-v6BD4N
Free PE / Size 就是可以提供分配的自由空间，最多10.00 GiB，在扩展时输入小于该值
9:扩充磁盘空间
# lvextend -L+9G /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root /dev/sda3
Extending logical volume lv_root to 26.57 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
10:使用e2fsck指令查看检测文件系统错误
# e2fsck -a /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root
/dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root is mounted.
e2fsck: 无法继续, 中止.
11:使用resize2fs指令来增大或者搜索未加载的"ext2/ext3"文件系统的大小（此处可能出现问题，没办法增大扩容空间）
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root to 6965248 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root is now 6965248 blocks long.
11-1（如果11步出现问题，因为我的centos7的某些分区用的是xfs的文件系统（使用df -T查看即可知道）
[root@vnode1 ~]# df -T
文件系统 类型 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 37173520 5574340 31599180 15% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 3987400 0 3987400 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3997856 0 3997856 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 3997856 8628 3989228 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 3997856 0 3997856 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 508588 127152 381436 26% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 799572 0 799572 0% run/user/0
[root@vnode1 ~]#
将resize2fs替换为xfs_growfs，重新执行一遍即可，如下：
[root@vnode1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root
12:查看扩展空间后的结果:
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_rxf-lv_root 27G 18G 8.9G 66% /
tmpfs 931M 4.0K 931M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 35M 425M 8% /boot
可以看见，大功告成。
转载：https://www.jianshu.com/p/578816f4e9b8
备注：转载的地方有不对的地方已经在此文进行了修改，看这一篇就够了
