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【Android】自定义控件

2019-06-28  本文已影响8人  秀叶寒冬

Android自定义控件可以有三种实现方式

  1. 组合原生控件
  2. 自己绘制控件
  3. 继承原生控件

1 组合原生控件

1.1 组合原生控件原理

组合原生控件就是将原生控件组合,然后封装到一个自定义的ViewGroup中,然后将这个ViewGroup作为一个控件使用。

例如自己写一个头部导航控件:

  1. 首先创建一个布局文件header_view.xml,该布局文件中的根布局是一个RelativeLayout,它有三个子布局,一个ImageVeiw和两个TextView。
  2. 创建一个自定义的View,例子里叫HeadView,继承自RelativeLayout
  3. 然后通过LayoutInflater方法加载header_view布局,然后再HeadView里面执行相应控件的操作。

如此就将三个控件封装到了HeadView中,使用头部导航控件时就可以直接调用HeadView就行了。

1.2 源码实现

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="#50e7ab"
    android:padding="10dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/back"
        android:layout_width="32dp"
        android:layout_height="32dp"
        android:src="@mipmap/back" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:text="首页"
        android:textSize="17sp"
        android:textColor="#ffffff" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/right"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="设置"
        android:textSize="17sp"
        android:textColor="#ffffff"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" />
</RelativeLayout>
package com.example.widgetdefine;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class HeadView extends RelativeLayout {
    private ImageView back;
    private TextView title;
    private TextView right;
    public HeadView(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public HeadView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.header_view,this);
        back = findViewById(R.id.back);
        title = findViewById(R.id.title);
        right = findViewById(R.id.right);
    }

    public HeadView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }

    public void setOnClickBack(OnClickListener listener){
        back.setOnClickListener(listener);
    }
    public void setTitle(String title){
        this.title.setText(title);
    }
    public void setOnClickRight(OnClickListener listener){
        right.setOnClickListener(listener);
    }
    public void setRight(String right){
        this.right.setText(right);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
>
    <com.example.widgetdefine.HeadView
        android:id="@+id/header_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"></com.example.widgetdefine.HeadView>
</LinearLayout>
package com.example.widgetdefine;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private HeadView headerView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        headerView = findViewById(R.id.header_view);

        headerView.setOnClickBack(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"点击了返回",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        headerView.setTitle("重新设置头部");
        headerView.setRight("设置右侧标题");

    }
}

1.3 运行截图

图1.1 组合原生控件实例运行截图

2 自己绘制控件

2.1 自己绘制控件原理

根据需要,可能需要重写以下三个方法:

  • onMeasure():测量自己的大小,为正式布局提供意见(注意,只是建议,至于用不用,要看onLayout);
  • onLayout():使用layout()函数对所有子控件布局,如果自定义控件继承的是View,它可以不重写onLayout();如果是ViewGroup,则子类必须重写,因为在ViewGroup中,onLayout是个抽象方法
  • onDraw():根据布局位置绘图

关于View的绘制原理,可以参考文章【Android】View绘制流程

在ViewGroup中,onLayout源码如下

    @Override
    protected abstract void onLayout(boolean changed,
            int l, int t, int r, int b);

在View中,onLayout源码如下:

    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    }

2.2 源码实现

package com.example.widgetdefine;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class CustomButton extends View implements View.OnClickListener {
    private Paint mPaint;
    private Rect mRect;
    private Context context;
    private String text;
    public CustomButton(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public CustomButton(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        this.context = context;
        mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        mRect = new Rect();
        setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    public CustomButton(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        canvas.drawRect(0,0,getWidth(),getHeight(),mPaint);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        mPaint.setTextSize(dip2px(context,14));
        mPaint.getTextBounds(getText(),0,getText().length(),mRect);
        float textWidth = mRect.width();
        float textHeight = mRect.height();
        Log.e("测试",getHeight()+";"+getWidth()+";"+textWidth+";"+textHeight);
        canvas.drawText(getText(),getWidth()/2-textWidth/2,getHeight()/2+textHeight/2,mPaint);
    }
    public static int dip2px(Context context, float dipValue) {
        final float scale = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
        return (int) (dipValue * scale + 0.5f);
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"测试",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    public String getText() {
        return text;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        this.text = text;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
>
    <com.example.widgetdefine.CustomButton
        android:id="@+id/custom_btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp" />
</LinearLayout>
package com.example.widgetdefine;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    CustomButton customButton;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        customButton = findViewById(R.id.custom_btn);
        customButton.setText("按钮");

    }
}

2.3 运行截图

图2.1 绘制控件截图

3 继承原生控件

继承原生控件就是自定义的控件是继承android自带的控件,然后根据自己的需求更改内容,以下是一个自定义文字水平居中的TextView控件。

3.1 源码实现

package com.example.widgetdefine;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.text.Layout;
import android.text.StaticLayout;
import android.text.TextPaint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.widget.TextView;

@SuppressLint("AppCompatCustomView")
public class CenterTextView extends TextView {
    private StaticLayout mStaticLayout;
    private TextPaint mTextPaint;

    public CenterTextView(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public CenterTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    public CenterTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        if (mTextPaint == null) {
            mTextPaint = new TextPaint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        }
        mTextPaint.setTextSize(getTextSize());
        mTextPaint.setColor(getCurrentTextColor());
        mStaticLayout = new StaticLayout(getText(), mTextPaint, getWidth(), Layout.Alignment.ALIGN_CENTER, 1.0f, 0.0f, false);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        mStaticLayout.draw(canvas);
    }

    @Override
    public void setShadowLayer(float radius, float dx, float dy, int color) {
        super.setShadowLayer(radius, dx, dy, color);
        if (mTextPaint == null) {
            mTextPaint = new TextPaint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        }
        mTextPaint.setShadowLayer(radius, dx, dy, color);
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
>

    <com.example.widgetdefine.CenterTextView
        android:id="@+id/text_view"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>
package com.example.widgetdefine;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    CenterTextView textView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.text_view);
        textView.setText("测试");
    }
}

3.2 截图

图3.1 测试截图
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