【笔记】BUDDHISM 佛教
1️⃣ Siddhartha Gautama:悉达多·乔答摩
-Born in 560 BC In Lumbini India 蓝毗尼(释迦牟尼的出生之地)
-A seer prophesied that he would become greater ruler ever or leave his palace and discover a way of salvation for all humanity
- seer / n. 预言家;幻想家;先知者/
- prophesied /vt. vi 预言/
- salvation /n. 拯救;救助/
-the latter would happen if he saw, sickness, old age, death and a monk who renounced the world
- monk /n. 僧侣/
- renounced /vt. 宣布放弃/ break up with
- sheltered/adj.受保护的;v. 庇护/
-at age 29 he wanted to see the outside world because his dad sheltered him
-he abandoned his wife and son
-he studied snd rejected Hindu scriptures(n. 经文)
-at 35 he sat under a **fig tree **for 40 days and experienced nirvana
*** fig tree**:原译为无花果树,圣经里的神树。菩提树(Bodhi tree)乃是属于无花果树(Fig Tree)科的植物。
-he became known as "buddha" (enlightened(adj.被启发的) one)
-he saw flashed of himself in his past lives
-found out that peace comes form knowing that you are the universe
-founded an order of monks called Sangha
-got rid of caste system (种姓制度)
2⃣️ buddhists 佛教徒
Most buddhists don't care if Buddha existed or not, its only the principles that matter.
佛教徒并不在意佛陀是否真的存在
3⃣️ Tripitaka 三藏经
-is authoritative and sacred based on oral traditions **written over **500 year after his death
佛经是在佛陀死后500年基于口述经文写下的。(并不是佛陀写的经
文)
- authoritative: adj. 有权威的;命令式的;当局的
- sacred: adj. 神的;神圣的;宗教的;庄严的
- oral: n. 口试
- write over:覆盖,改写
4⃣️ Nirvana 涅槃;天堂
-the Buddhist version of Moksha
the realization that you are everything and you are just existing in the moment
- version :n. 版本;译文;倒转术
- ** Moksha** : n. (佛教、印度教、耆那教中的)从轮回中得到解脱
5⃣️ ❤️
Everybody, every human being wants happiness, and Buddha, he acts like teacher. You are your own master. Future, everything depends on your own shoulder. Buddha‘s responsibility is just to show the path, that s all. (The Dalai Lama)
- 每个人都想得到幸福快乐,佛陀就像一个老师,你是你自己的主人,将来所有的事情都将由你自己的肩膀承担,而佛陀的责任,只是给你指路。
6⃣️ GOD 佛经中对god的看法
-the existence of God is irrelevant (adj. 不相干的)and unimportant
-buddha didn't deny the existence of God but denied the relevance(n. 关联)
-buddha rejected the indifferent(adj. 漠不关心的;无关紧要的;中性的,中立的) gods of Hinduism(n. 印度教)
- 佛教徒没有创世纪的故事,也没有造物之神,他们致力于人类所受的苦难以及如何解决人类所受的苦难。
7⃣️ Humanity 关于人类
-Buddha rejected the idea of humans having an atman(n. (印度教)灵魂)
-Humans are neither gods nor a part of god,humans are merely part of the material realm (物质领域)
-all humans are capable of( 能够 )enlightenment(n. 启迪;教化)
- 佛教否定印度教中所说的人类有灵魂。
- 人类不是神或者神的一部分,人类仅仅只是物质领域的一部分。
- 所有的人都是可以被教化的。
8⃣️ Problem 问题
- life is suffering
* 生活充满了苦难——这是佛教中要解决的最根本的问题。
- happiness is an illusion(n. 幻觉,错觉;错误的观念或信仰)
* 快乐转瞬即逝。
- humanity is trapped(受困于) in samsara(轮回)
* 人类要受轮回之苦。
9⃣️ Four Noble Truths 四真谛
* 普遍存在/苦的原因/苦的消灭/灭苦的方法
1.Suffering is universal
2.The cause of suffering is craving (欲望)(desire)
- craving是所有苦难的源头。
3.The he cessation (停止)of suffering is to overcome ignorance(无知unwisdom) and eliminate(exclude)cravings
it is the remainderless fading away and cessation of that same craving, the giving up and relinquishing(n. 放弃)of it, freedom from it, non-reliance **on **it.(不依靠它)
-
欲望并不可怕,也不可完全消除,重要的是学会如何控制自己的欲望,特别是不好的那部分。
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reliance on 依靠;信赖
-
Fading-away 消逝
4.One suppresses(压制) cravings by following the Middle way or 8 fold path
所谓的四真谛:
——苦: 生就是苦的业因,生活中當然有苦有樂,但使人難以忍受的是諸行無常。生、老、病是众生所必經的。
- 八大痛苦:生、老、病、死、爱别离、怨憎会、求不得、五蕴炽盛。
- 五蕴:色、受、想、行、识。(1物质方面+4精神方面)
-
六根:眼耳鼻舌身意;
*六尘:色声香味触法。 - 怨憎会:指对不喜欢的“六尘”,或哪些不好的人交往产生的怨憎。
- 五取蕴即苦:五取蕴的共相“无常、苦、空、无我”
——集:有关苦的原因,人的苦难来自于永恒的生存欲,是因为人有烦恼、有对情欲的执著,所以能导致人的生死,不出三界。
——三界:欲界、色界、无色界。欲界众生执著于欲,色界众生执著于色(事物的形象),无色界众生执著于无色(没有形象的事物),均为执著,所以不能了生死。
——灭:人有可能从苦难中解脱,只要你弄清楚苦难的原因。问题在于欲望,如何与心中混乱纠结的欲望共处。人们常误解佛教,要消除苦难,必须先消除欲望。如果佛陀这么说过的话,那么想得到觉悟的欲望该如何处置呢?佛陀说的是,对待欲望要聪明一点儿,欲望是必须有的。如果没有欲望,我们该怎么生活呢?如果没有成佛的强烈欲望,我们如何能成佛呢?*
——道:佛陀列出一系列指示让他的弟子去做,一条引导心灵通往觉悟的路径,叫做八正道,即道德、纪律、警觉与智慧 。
🔟 Eight Fold path 八正道
① right understanding believe in the Four Noble Truths-
② right aspirations renounce all desires and any thoughts like lust, bitterness and cruelty-
③ right speech speak only truth and refrain(克制) fro lying-
④ right behavior exercise self-control and abstain from killing, stealing and sexual immorality
right occupation work in an occupation that benefits other and harms no one
- work不是正当的"职业",而是正当的"行为"
⑤ right effort comment totally to the Middle Way
⑥ right mindfulness exhibit mental self-control to eliminate all emotions
⑦ right mediation perform meditation through yoga
⑧ Solution
aspiration/n. 愿望;/
renounce/vt. 宣布放弃/
lust/n. 性欲;贪欲/
bitterness/n. 苦味;苦难;怨恨/
immorality/n. 不道德;无道义;伤风败俗的行为/(wickedness,improbity)
occupation/n. 职业;占有;消遣;占有期/
所谓“八正道”
①正见。正确的见解,亦即坚持佛教四谛的真理;
②正思维。又称正志,即根据四谛的真理进行思维、分别;
③正语。正确的话语,说话应该诚实可靠,不说谎。说话要符合佛陀的教导,不说妄语、绮语、恶口、两舌等违背佛陀教导的话;
④正业。正确的行为。一切行为都要符合佛陀的教导,不作杀生、偷盗、邪淫等恶行;
⑤正命。过符合佛陀教导的正当生活;
⑥正精进。精进意味着燃烧掉烦恼习气,而非时间多少;
⑦正念。觉知:学会觉知自己。
⑧正定。禅定分为两种:
第一种:心是“一”,所缘是“一”,心与所缘在一起,然后禅定次第生起。重点放在所缘。
第二种禅定:心与所缘是分离的,心执行的职责是知者、观者。(这样的禅定仅仅存在于佛教!)重点在于及时知道“心跑掉”。
真正进入中道的心有正确的禅定——也就是第二种禅定,那是有觉性的心在觉知自己,是觉知、觉醒、喜悦的,没有迷失且毫无刻意的打压或紧盯。
事实上,每种禅法都是一样的——如果心正确,修什么都正确;心是错的,修什么都是错的。学法者如果一开始就做手部动作、观感受、观呼吸,只有微乎其微的人才能修行正确。如果没有佛陀的福报和波罗密,没有前生修行的深厚根基,心从未正确过,不可能有做到的一天。
原则一:快乐是禅定生起的近因。关键在于选择的所缘让心产生快乐。
原则二:第二种禅定的近因是:及时知道心的跑掉。
😇其他
-stop thinking about yourself and compassion (怜悯)will arise
-❤️you're the only one who can save yourself
-Buddha claimed that his mission was to help escape samsara, not to explain what one would find after nirvana
- 菩提心与大小乘佛教:
禅宗以开悟为事,净宗以往生为事。净土宗属于大乘佛教,因为要往生极乐,而往生的要件之一是菩提心;而禅宗需要看是否又菩提心。
[大乘佛法(Mahayana)] 修行者具有菩提心
[小乘佛法(Hinayana] 是自利,不能利他,修行者不具有菩提心
-❤️Zen Buddhism** "look within, you are the Buddha"**❤️
摘自-
- 纪录片 — 炉香赞佛 The Buddha (2010)
- Wikipedia — BUDDHISM